Cough motor mechanisms
Cough motor mechanisms
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DOI：
10.1016/j.resp.2006.02.016
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发表时间：
2006-07-28
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Lavorini, Federico
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fontana, Giovanni A.;Lavorini, Federico
咳嗽是一种防御性气道机制，涉及几个喉部和呼吸肌的顺序激活，产生典型的四相运动模式。这些肌肉的激活可以被认为代表“主要”咳嗽运动机制，其功能意义虽然复杂，但似乎已相当明确。尽管如此，咳嗽的症状还是很多的，并且还可能涉及其他呼吸和非呼吸运动系统的反射或机械激活。这些额外的或“次要的”咳嗽流出物主要可以被视为涉及增强咳嗽的防御功能，或抵抗咳嗽的机械应力所施加的可能的有害作用。此外，已知初级和次级咳嗽运动机制都发挥多种功能作用，因此使咳嗽整体变得相当复杂。最后，一些继发性咳嗽运动反应，例如呼吸模式的变化，似乎没有任何有利的作用，并且它们的功能意义（如果有的话）尚未完全理解。尽管众所周知，所有类型的咳嗽都可以由自主产生，但自主咳嗽在多大程度上也伴随着一系列类似于反射性咳嗽的运动反应，仍有待阐明。 (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
Cough is a defensive airway mechanisms which involves the sequential activation of several laryngeal and respiratory muscles in the generation of the typical four-phase motor pattern. Activation of such muscles can be considered to represent the "primary" cough motor mechanism, and its functional significance, although complex, appears to be fairly well established. Nonetheless, the outflows of cough are numerous, and may additionally involve the reflex or mechanical activation of other respiratory and non-respiratory motor systems. These additional, or "secondary", outflows of cough can mainly be regarded as being involved in either enhancing the defensive function of cough, or opposing the possible noxious effects exerted by the mechanical stresses of coughing. In addition, both the primary and secondary cough motor mechanisms are known to play multiple functional roles, thus considerably complicating the cough panorama. Finally, some of the secondary cough motor responses, such as the changes in the pattern of breathing, seem to be devoid of any favourable action and their functional meaning, if any, is not fully understood. Although it is well known that all patterns of cough can be produced voluntarily, the extent to which also volitional cough is accompanied by an array of motor responses similar to that of reflex cough remains to be elucidated. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.