Overview of acute and chronic meningitis.
Overview of acute and chronic meningitis.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70162-6
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发表时间：
1999-11
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Coyle PK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coyle PK
脑膜炎定义为脑膜的炎症，脑膜是围绕大脑和脊髓形成蛛网膜下腔的两层膜（软脑膜和蛛网膜）。这个空间充满了脑脊液（CSF）。脑膜炎的一个标志是细胞溢出到CSF中以产生增加的细胞计数。脑膜炎是中枢神经系统（CNS）的主要感染性综合征。脑膜炎也可以由几种非传染性原因引起。有时累及范围比脑膜更广。当脑膜炎伴有明显的脑实质受累时，称为脑膜脑炎、脑膜脊髓炎或脑膜脑脊髓炎更为恰当。当有神经根受累时，就是脑膜神经根炎。正如所有的中枢神经系统感染一样，脑膜炎可引起显著的发病率和死亡率。几个因素导致CNS感染的严重程度。中枢神经系统是一个隔离的器官，在解剖学上被限制在骨窗内。在局部炎症反应期间，几乎没有扩张的空间，而不会有损伤内在结构甚至疝综合征的风险。由于中枢神经系统缺乏一个完全发育和运作的免疫系统来抵御入侵的病原体，感染更难根除。向中枢神经系统输送足够浓度的抗菌药物也更加困难。由于涉及重要组织，脑膜炎产生独特的后遗症，具有潜在的破坏性后果。在某些情况下，它是一个真正的神经和医疗紧急情况。
Meningitis is defined as inflammation of the meninges, the two membranes (pia and arachnoid mater) that surround the brain and spinal cord to form the subarachnoid space. This space is filled by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A hallmark of meningitis is the spillover of cells into the CSF to produce an increased cell count. Meningitis is the major infectious syndrome of the central nervous system (CNS). Meningitis can also be produced by several noninfectious causes. Sometimes involvement is more widespread than just the meninges. When meningitis is accompanied by obvious parenchymal involvement, it is more properly referred to as meningoencephalitis, meningomyelitis, or meningoencephalomyelitis. When there is nerve-root involvement it is a meningoradiculitis. As is true of all the CNS infections, meningitis may produce significant morbidity and mortality. Several factors contribute to the severity of CNS infection. The CNS is a sequestered organ that is confined anatomically within a bony casement. There is little room for expansion during a localized inflammatory response without risking damage to intrinsic structures or even a herniation syndrome. Because the CNS lacks a fully developed and operational immune system to defend against invading pathogens, infection is harder to eradicate. It is also more difficult to deliver adequate concentrations of antimicrobials to the CNS. Because critical tissues are involved, meningitis produces unique sequelae with potentially devastating consequences. In some cases it is a true neurologic and medical emergency.
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影响因子：
4.8
作者：
CHENG, TM;ONEILL, BP;PIEPGRAS, DG
通讯作者：
PIEPGRAS, DG
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
JOHNSTONE, JA;DUNN, M;ROSS, CAC
通讯作者：
ROSS, CAC
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
DURAND, ML;CALDERWOOD, SB;SWARTZ, MN
通讯作者：
SWARTZ, MN
影响因子：
120.7
作者：
DEIBEL, R;WOODALL, JP;SCHRYVER, GD
通讯作者：
SCHRYVER, GD
影响因子：
--
作者：
AZIMI, PH;CRAMBLET.HG;HAYNES, RE
通讯作者：
HAYNES, RE