Enhancing Hebbian Learning to Control Brain Oscillatory Activity
Enhancing Hebbian Learning to Control Brain Oscillatory Activity
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/bhu043
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Cohen, Leonardo G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Soekadar, Surjo R.;Witkowski, Matthias;Cohen, Leonardo G.
感觉运动节律（SMR, 8-15 Hz）是与成功的运动表现、想象和模仿相关的大脑振荡。SMR的自主调节可用于在没有任何物理运动的情况下控制脑机接口（BMI）。获得这种技能的机制尚不清楚。在此，我们为初级运动皮层（M1）的功能（在运动技能学习和保留过程中活跃）与成功获得抽象技能（如对SMR的控制）之间的因果关系提供了证据。30名健康参与者连续5天接受控制SMR振荡的训练。每个参与者被随机分配到三组中的一组，在M1上接受20分钟的阳极、阴极或假性经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）。与其他2个训练日相比，中性tDCS组的学习SMR控制更优越。阴极tDCS阻断了训练的有益效果，假性tDCS证明了这一点。1个月后，无淋巴结tDCS组新获得的技能仍然优越。因此，在M1上施加极性相反的弱电流，会对学习SMR控制产生差异调节，表明这一主要皮层区域是获得身体运动技能和学习控制大脑振荡活动的共同基础。
Sensorimotor rhythms (SMR, 8-15 Hz) are brain oscillations associated with successful motor performance, imagery, and imitation. Voluntary modulation of SMR can be used to control brain-machine interfaces (BMI) in the absence of any physical movements. The mechanisms underlying acquisition of such skill are unknown. Here, we provide evidence for a causal link between function of the primary motor cortex (M1), active during motor skill learning and retention, and successful acquisition of abstract skills such as control over SMR. Thirty healthy participants were trained on 5 consecutive days to control SMR oscillations. Each participant was randomly assigned to one of 3 groups that received either 20 min of anodal, cathodal, or sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over M1. Learning SMR control across training days was superior in the anodal tDCS group relative to the other 2. Cathodal tDCS blocked the beneficial effects of training, as evidenced with sham tDCS. One month later, the newly acquired skill remained superior in the anodal tDCS group. Thus, application of weak electric currents of opposite polarities over M1 differentially modulates learning SMR control, pointing to this primary cortical region as a common substrate for acquisition of physical motor skills and learning to control brain oscillatory activity.