Vehicle and Driving Characteristics That Influence In-Cabin Particle Number Concentrations
Vehicle and Driving Characteristics That Influence In-Cabin Particle Number Concentrations
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DOI：
10.1021/es202025m
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发表时间：
2011-10-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Fruin, Scott A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hudda, Neelakshi;Kostenidou, Evangelia;Fruin, Scott A.
在运输过程中的微环境中，与车辆相关的污染物（如超细颗粒）水平升高。然而，由于颗粒在车内的损失，车内颗粒数浓度往往低于道路上的浓度。颗粒浓度的降低是由于车辆的空气交换率（AER）（决定颗粒流入速率）与表面和车内空气过滤器造成的颗粒损失之间复杂的相互作用造成的。准确测定内外颗粒浓度比最好在实际空气动力学和AER条件下进行，因为这些比率和AER除了由车辆的年龄等特征决定外，还取决于车辆的速度和通风偏好。在这项研究中，6辆汽车在76种驾驶速度、通风条件（即外部空气或再循环）和风扇设置的组合下进行了测试。在再循环条件下，颗粒数衰减（10-1000 nm颗粒的数量减少）平均为0.83 +/- 0.13，与AER的增加呈强烈负相关，而AER的增加又取决于车辆的速度和车龄。在外部空气条件下，衰减平均为0.33 +/- 0.10，并且在更高的风扇设置下，衰减主要减少，从而增加AER。总的来说，舱内颗粒数量的减少与颗粒大小的变化不大，并且舱内过滤器的去除效率较低。
In-transit microenvironments experience elevated levels of vehicle-related pollutants such as ultrafine particles. However, in-vehicle particle number concentrations are frequently lower than on-road concentrations due to particle losses inside vehicles. Particle concentration reduction occurs due to a complicated interplay between a vehicle's air-exchange rate (AER), which determines particle influx rate, and particle losses due to surfaces and the in-cabin air filter. Accurate determination of inside-to-outside particle concentration ratios is best made under realistic aerodynamic and AER conditions because these ratios and AER are determined by vehicle speed and ventilation preference, in addition to vehicle characteristics such as age. In this study, 6 vehicles were tested at 76 combinations of driving speeds, ventilation conditions (i.e., outside air or recirculation), and fan settings. Under recirculation conditions, particle number attenuation (number reduction for 10-1000 nm particles) averaged 0.83 +/- 0.13 and was strongly negatively correlated with increasing AER, which in turn depended on speed and the age of the vehicle. Under outside air conditions, attenuation averaged 0.33 +/- 0.10 and primarily decreased at higher fan settings that increased AER In general, in-cabin particle number reductions did not vary strongly with particle size, and cabin filters exhibited low removal efficiencies,