Functional Connectivity Basis and Underlying Cognitive Mechanisms for Gender Differences in Guilt Aversion
Functional Connectivity Basis and Underlying Cognitive Mechanisms for Gender Differences in Guilt Aversion
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DOI：
10.1523/eneuro.0226-21.2021
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发表时间：
2021-11
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Tsuyoshi Nihonsugi;Shotaro Numano;M. Haruno
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tsuyoshi Nihonsugi;Shotaro Numano;M. Haruno
摘要亲社会行为对我们的社会至关重要。内疚厌恶，它描述了减少伴侣的期望和他/她的实际结果之间的差异的倾向，驱动人类的亲社会行为，正如众所周知的不公平厌恶。虽然女性比男性更厌恶不平等，但内疚厌恶的性别差异仍未得到研究。在这里，我们进行了一项功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）研究（n = 52）和一项大规模的在线行为研究（n = 4723）的信任游戏，旨在调查内疚和不公平厌恶。功能磁共振成像研究表明，男性表现出更强的内疚厌恶和招募右背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）腹内侧前额叶皮层（VMPFC）连接比女性更多的内疚厌恶，而VMPFC背内侧前额叶皮层（DMPFC）连接是常见的在两种性别。此外，我们的回归分析收集的在线行为数据与大五和人口因素复制的性别差异，并显示，大五责任心（基于规则的决定）与内疚厌恶只在男性，但同情心（移情考虑）与内疚厌恶在两种性别。因此，这项研究表明，亲社会行为的性别差异是异质性的，这取决于大脑中的潜在动机，社会规范的考虑在男性更强的内疚厌恶中起着关键作用。
Abstract Prosocial behavior is pivotal to our society. Guilt aversion, which describes the tendency to reduce the discrepancy between a partner’s expectation and his/her actual outcome, drives human prosocial behavior as does well-known inequity aversion. Although women are reported to be more inequity averse than men, gender differences in guilt aversion remain unexplored. Here, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study (n = 52) and a large-scale online behavioral study (n = 4723) of a trust game designed to investigate guilt and inequity aversions. The fMRI study demonstrated that men exhibited stronger guilt aversion and recruited right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)-ventromedial PFC (VMPFC) connectivity more for guilt aversion than women, while VMPFC-dorsal medial PFC (DMPFC) connectivity was commonly used in both genders. Furthermore, our regression analysis of the online behavioral data collected with Big Five and demographic factors replicated the gender differences and revealed that Big Five Conscientiousness (rule-based decision) correlated with guilt aversion only in men, but Agreeableness (empathetic consideration) correlated with guilt aversion in both genders. Thus, this study suggests that gender differences in prosocial behavior are heterogeneous depending on underlying motives in the brain and that the consideration of social norms plays a key role in the stronger guilt aversion in men.