From Organised to Disorganised Capital? British Employer Associations, 1897–2010
From Organised to Disorganised Capital? British Employer Associations, 1897–2010
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从有组织的资本到无组织的英国雇主协会，1897-2010
DOI：
10.1057/9781137319067_3
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Mckinlay
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Mckinlay
在几乎一个世纪的时间里，雇主协会是工业化英国不成文宪法的关键要素。然而，尽管对雇主协会的历史编纂出现了巨大的繁荣，但我们对它们的了解仍然远远少于对工会的了解。雇主协会的保密性是学术界和政策制定者长期以来的观察结果（Clegg 1954：197-199）。1995年，工党提出了一项不成功的议会动议，要求对雇主组织进行调查，这一动议将矛头指向了雇主组织的保密性及其对立法影响的未知范围和深度：“谁属于这些组织，他们做什么？与工会相比，他们是邪教和秘密的。本章分为三个部分，首先审查了雇主组织和集体行动的不同理论方法。特别是，它认为，广泛多元化的“牛津学派”的劳资关系的方法主导了研究雇主组织。第二部分考察了世纪最后十年雇主组织的爆发。“英国劳资关系制度”的基础是在这些年里奠定的。第三个是1979年以来雇主组织的命运。讽刺的是，尽管撒切尔政府抨击工会，但这也让人们对国家谈判制度和一些全面的程序协议产生了质疑。
For almost a century, employer associations were a crucial element of the unwritten constitution of industrial Britain. Yet, although there has been an enormous boom in the historiography of employer associations, we still know much less about them than we do about their counterparts, unions. The secrecy of employer associations is a long-standing observation of academic and policy-makers (Clegg 1954: 197–199). An unsuccessful 1995 parliamentary motion by Labour calling for an investigation into employers’ organisations turned on their secrecy and the unknown scope and depth of their influence over legislation: ‘who belongs to these organisations and what do they do? Compared with trade unions, they are cult-like and secretive’.1 This chapter is organised in three sections, beginning with an examination of the different theoretical approaches to employer organisation and collective action. In particular, it argues that the broadly pluralist ‘Oxford School’ approach to industrial relations has dominated research into employer organisations. The second section examines the burst of employer organising during the last decade of the nineteenth century. The foundations of the ‘British industrial relations system’ were laid in these years. The third looks at the fate of employer organisations since 1979. Paradoxically, although the Thatcher administrations attacked unions, this also called into question the system of national bargaining and some comprehensive procedural agreements.