A Stochastic Detection and Retrieval Model for the Study of Metacognition
A Stochastic Detection and Retrieval Model for the Study of Metacognition
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DOI：
10.1037/a0025960
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Huber, David E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jang, Yoonhee;Wallsten, Thomas S.;Huber, David E.
我们提出了一个类似信号检测的模型，称为随机检测和检索模型（SDRM）用于研究元认知。关注与检索相关的范式（例如，回忆或识别）和置信度判断，SDRM测量（I）检索过程中的方差，（2）置信度过程中的方差，（3）不同信息源在每个响应下的程度，（4）简单偏差（即，在条件上增加或减少置信度标准），和（5）元认知偏差（即，置信度准则在条件上的收缩或扩展）。在元认知文献中，伽马相关性被用来衡量信心判断的准确性。然而，Gamma不能区分前3个属性，也不能测量任何一种形式的偏差。相比之下，SDRM可以区分属性，并且可以测量两种形式的偏差。通过这种方式，SDRM可以用来测试竞争过程理论，通过确定最好的属性，说明跨条件的变化。为了证明SDRM的有用性，我们研究了学习判断（JOLs），然后进行线索回忆。通过一系列的嵌套和非嵌套模型的比较应用到一个新的实验中，SDRM确定，在信心的过程中方差的减少是最有可能的解释延迟JOL效应，和更强的信息基础JOL和回忆之间的关系是最有可能的解释测试JOL效应。在简要讨论了JOL理论的含义之后，我们最后对SDRM如何有益于元认知研究进行了更广泛的讨论。
We present a signal detection-like model termed the stochastic detection and retrieval model (SDRM) for use in studying metacognition. Focusing on paradigms that relate retrieval (e.g., recall or recognition) and confidence judgments, the SDRM measures (I) variance in the retrieval process, (2) variance in the confidence process, (3) the extent to which different sources of information underlie each response, (4) simple bias (i.e., increasing or decreasing confidence criteria across conditions), and (5) metacognitive bias (i.e., contraction or expansion of the confidence criteria across conditions). In the metacognition literature, gamma correlations have been used to measure the accuracy of confidence judgments. However, gamma cannot distinguish between the first 3 attributes, and it cannot measure either form of bias. In contrast, the SDRM can distinguish among the attributes, and it can measure both forms of bias. In this way, the SDRM can be used to test competing process theories by determining the attribute that best accounts for a change across conditions. To demonstrate the SDRM's usefulness, we investigated judgments of learning (JOLs) followed by cued-recall. Through a series of nested and non-nested model comparisons applied to a new experiment, the SDRM determined that a reduction in variance during the confidence process is the most likely explanation of the delayed-JOL effect, and a stronger relation between information underlying JOLs and recall is the most likely explanation of the testing-JOL effect. Following a brief discussion of implications for JOL theories, we conclude with a broader discussion of how the SDRM can benefit metacognition research.