When exceptions prove the rule: how extremity of deviance determines the impact of deviant examples on stereotypes.
When exceptions prove the rule: how extremity of deviance determines the impact of deviant examples on stereotypes.
复制标题
当例外证明规则时：异常的极端程度如何决定异常例子对刻板印象的影响。
DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.72.5.965
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发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Oleson,KC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kunda,Z;Oleson,KC
作者研究了反刻板印象个体偏离感知者刻板印象的程度如何影响他们对这些刻板印象的影响，发现极端偏离的群体成员比中度偏离的群体成员引起的刻板印象同化要少。极端不正常的例子甚至会引发回飞棒效应，也就是说，强化他们所违背的刻板印象。当先前的刻板印象是温和或极端的参与者暴露于中度或极度偏离的例子时，偏离的例子对刻板印象的影响取决于他们的极端和感知者先前刻板印象的极端。回旋镖效应只获得极端刻板印象的参与者暴露在极端偏差的例子，并介导的典型性的偏差的例子的看法。开放式的解释表明，极端不正常的例子的重复性被用作驳回它们的理由。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2016阿帕，保留所有权利）
The authors examined how the extent to which counterstereotypic individuals deviate from perceivers' stereotypes affects their impact on these stereotypes and found that extremely deviant group members provoke less stereotype assimilation than do moderately deviant ones. Extremely deviant examples can even provoke boomerang effects, that is, enhance the very stereotype that they violate. When participants whose prior stereotypes were moderate or extreme were exposed to moderately or extremely deviant examples, the deviant examples' impact on stereotypes depended both on their extremity and on the extremity of perceivers' prior stereotypes. Boomerang effects were obtained only for extreme-stereotype participants exposed to extremely deviant examples and were mediated by perceptions of the typicality of the deviant examples. Open-ended explanations revealed that the atypicality of extremely deviant examples was used as grounds for dismissing them.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)