Effects of plastic mulch, sowing date and cultivar on the yield and maturity of forage maize grown under marginal climatic conditions in Northern Ireland
Effects of plastic mulch, sowing date and cultivar on the yield and maturity of forage maize grown under marginal climatic conditions in Northern Ireland
复制标题
塑料覆盖物、播种日期和品种对北爱尔兰边缘气候条件下种植的饲用玉米产量和成熟度的影响
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Fearnehough
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Easson;Fearnehough
1996年和1997年在北爱尔兰研究了地膜覆盖和不覆盖处理对饲用玉米干物质产量、玉米芯产量、干物质含量和淀粉含量的影响。在三个重复的小区试验中，不同成熟度的品种在春季的不同日期播种，用于比较两种地膜覆盖和未处理对照的效果：一种地膜完全覆盖行间(漂浮)；另一种在塑料上打孔，植物生长通过(冲孔)。1996年和1997年4月至10月，安大略省的热量单位(OU)分别为2489和2660，高于平均水平；在没有地膜覆盖的年份，最早成熟的品种Melody的干物质含量分别为214和215g/kg-1，产量分别为11.0和13.6g/dm·ha-1。地膜覆盖下土壤和气温的日均上升分别高达6℃和11℃，与太阳辐射密切相关。在地膜覆盖下，达到吐丝所需的OU减少了15%，吐丝到收获之间的有效OU增加了33%。经过2年3个试验和3个品种的试验，地膜覆盖与不覆盖对照相比，玉米产量增加12.0~14.7g/dm·ha~(-1)，核心粒产量增加3.7~6.8g/dm·ha~(-1)，干物质含量增加230~270 mg/kg，淀粉含量增加198~272 g/kg。1997年，早播期(4月10日)通过打孔地膜出苗的植株受到霜冻的损害，而漂浮地膜地块的植株没有受到影响。一早玉米品种哈德逊6~8叶期后继续覆盖漂浮地膜，植株受到伤害，产量下降，但干物质和淀粉含量继续增加。地膜覆盖对二早品种Diamant产量和干物质含量的增加幅度大于对一早品种Melody的增产幅度。因此，在边际气候条件下，应采用地膜覆盖来提高早熟品种的可靠性，而不是种植晚熟品种。
The effects of growing forage maize (Zea mays) with or without plastic mulching treatments on the dry-matter (DM) yield, cob yield, DM content and starch content was investigated in Northern Ireland in 1996 and 1997. Cultivars differing in maturity characteristics were sown in spring at a range of dates in three replicated plot experiments and were used to compare the effects of two plastic mulches and an untreated control: one plastic mulch completely covered the rows (floating); the other had holes punched in the plastic, through which the plants grew (punch). Between April and October in 1996 and 1997, the Ontario heat units (OU) received were above average at 2489 and 2660 respectively; in those years without plastic mulches, the earliest maturing cultivar, Melody, yielded 11·0 and 13·6 t DM ha–1, with dry-matter contents of 214 and 215 g kg–1 respectively. Mean daily increases in soil and air temperature under plastic mulches of up to 6°C and 11°C, respectively, were closely related to solar radiation. Under plastic mulches, 15% fewer OU were required to reach silking, and 33% more OU were available between silking and harvest. Meaned over three experiments, two years and three cultivars, plastic mulches, when compared with the unmulched control, increased maize yield from 12·0 to 14·7 t DM ha–1, cob yield from 3·7 to 6·8 t DM ha–1, dry-matter content from 230 to 270 g kg–1 and starch content from 198 to 272 g kg–1. The effect of plastic mulch on the maturation of the crop was greatest at earlier sowings. In 1997, plants from an early sowing date (10 April) that had recently emerged through the punch plastic mulch were damaged by frost, whereas those in the floating plastic mulch plots were unaffected. When the floating plastic mulch was left on after the six- to eight-leaf stage of the first-early maize cultivar Hudson, the plants were physically damaged and the yield reduced, but DM and starch contents continued to increase. The increases in yield and dry-matter content under the plastic mulch were greater in Diamant (second-early cultivar) than in Melody (first-early cultivar). It was concluded that, under marginal climatic conditions, plastic mulches ought to be used to improve the reliability of early cultivars rather than growing later maturing cultivars.