From types to populations: A century of race, physical anthropology, and the American Anthropological Association
From types to populations: A century of race, physical anthropology, and the American Anthropological Association
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从类型到人群： 一个世纪的种族、体质人类学和美国人类学协会
DOI：
10.1525/aa.2003.105.1.65
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发表时间：
2003-03-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Caspari, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Caspari, R
在20世纪60年代，美国体质人类学经历了一段反省时期，标志着从主要基于种族的旧体质人类学到新体质人类学的转变，沃什伯恩和其他人支持了十多年，其中包括现代综合的进化生物学。到底是什么改变了？种族概念中的哪些因素被拒绝了，哪些因素一直存在，影响着今天的体质人类学？在这篇文章中，我检查了科学和社会对体质人类学的影响，导致种族概念的变化，特别是美国人类学协会的影响。种族概念是复杂的，但包含三个属性：本质论，分支论思维和生物决定论。这些属性并没有全部被抛弃;虽然生物决定论及其社会影响自该领域成立以来一直受到质疑，但本质主义和随之而来的将人口视为分支的做法仍然是种族概念的遗产。
In the 1960s, U.S. physical anthropology underwent a period of introspection that marked a change from the old physical anthropology that was largely race based to the new physical anthropology, espoused by Washburn and others for over a decade, which incorporated the evolutionary biology of the modern synthesis. What actually changed? What elements of the race concept have been rejected, and what elements have persisted, influencing physical anthropology today? In this article, I examine both the scientific and social influences on physical anthropology that caused changes in the race concept, in particular the influence of the American Anthropological Association. The race concept is complicated but entails three attributes: essentialism, cladistic thinking, and biological determinism. These attributes have not all been discarded; while biological determinism and its social implications have been questioned since the inception of the field, essentialism and the concomitant rendering of populations as clades persists as a legacy of the race concept.