The price of change: The behavioral economics of drug dependence
The price of change: The behavioral economics of drug dependence
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DOI：
10.1016/s0005-7894(98)80050-6
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发表时间：
1998-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Petry, NM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bickel, WK;Madden, GJ;Petry, NM
本文运用行为经济学的概念来解决药物依赖者经常表现出的两种行为：(a)花费大量的时间、精力和金钱来获得和使用药物（通常排除其他潜在的强化因素），以及(b)“失去控制”或无法遵循减少或停止药物使用的计划。第一种行为是在两个经济原则的背景下进行研究的：(a)药物使用与药物可得性共变，(b)药物使用受替代非药物活动或事件的可得性的影响。对药物滥用研究（包括基础、流行病学、生活史和治疗研究）的回顾表明这两个原则与药物依赖现象的相关性。第二种行为（“失去控制”）是由于延迟奖励的折扣造成的。研究表明，折扣延迟奖励在滥用药物的人群进行了审查。行为经济学原则建议药物滥用治疗工作应该(a)使用减少药物可用性的方法，(b)增加可替代药物使用的非药物活动或事件的可用性，以及(c)使用将增加延迟事件控制药物滥用者行为的程度的治疗方法。
This paper applies behavioral economic concepts to address two behaviors frequently exhibited by the drug dependent: (a) spending a considerable amount of time, effort, and money to obtain and use drugs (often to the exclusion of other potential reinforcers), and (b) "loss of control" or the inability to follow through on plans to cut down or stop drug use. The first of these behaviors is examined in the context of two economic principles: (a) drug use covaries with drug availability and (b) drug use is affected by the availability of alternative nondrug activities or events. A review of drug abuse research (including basic, epidemiology, life history, and treatment research) demonstrates the relevance of these two principles to the phenomenon of drug dependence. The second of these behaviors ("loss of control") is conceptualized as resulting from the discounting of delayed rewards. Research demonstrating the discounting of delayed rewards in drug-abusing populations is reviewed. Behavioral-economic principles suggest drug-abuse treatment efforts should (a) use methods that decrease drug availability, (b) increase the availability of nondrug activities or events that may substitute for drug use, and (c) use treatment methods that will increase the extent to which delayed events control behavior in substance abusers.