Cross-membranes orchestrate compartmentalization and morphogenesis in Streptomyces.
Cross-membranes orchestrate compartmentalization and morphogenesis in Streptomyces.
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DOI：
10.1038/ncomms11836
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发表时间：
2016-06-13
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
van Wezel GP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Celler K;Koning RI;Willemse J;Koster AJ;van Wezel GP
细菌远非简单的单细胞实体，它们具有复杂的社会行为和组织，生活在大群体中，有些甚至是连贯的多细胞实体。丝状链霉菌是这种多细胞性的缩影，生长为合胞体菌丝体，其生理上不同的菌丝室由罕见的横壁隔开。缺乏细胞分裂的突变体的活力，可以从片段繁殖，表明菌丝体中存在不同形式的区室化。在这里，我们表明，复杂的膜，可视化的冷冻相关光学显微镜和电子断层扫描，履行这一职责。膜在细胞壁和细胞质膜之间形成小的组件，或者如FRAP实验所证明的，形成大的蛋白质不可渗透的跨膜结构，其将多核菌丝体区室化。所有包含跨膜结构的区域都是类核限制区，这表明膜组件也可以起作用以保护类核免受细胞壁重组事件的影响。我们的工作揭示了一个新的机制，控制区室化和发展的多细胞细菌。 链霉菌是多细胞细菌，生长为多核丝状体，很少有交叉壁。在这里，作者描述了一种膜系统，该系统形成蛋白质不可渗透的屏障，并独立于FtsZ引导的细胞分裂机制将多核丝区室化。
Far from being simple unicellular entities, bacteria have complex social behaviour and organization, living in large populations, and some even as coherent, multicellular entities. The filamentous streptomycetes epitomize such multicellularity, growing as a syncytial mycelium with physiologically distinct hyphal compartments separated by infrequent cross-walls. The viability of mutants devoid of cell division, which can be propagated from fragments, suggests the presence of a different form of compartmentalization in the mycelium. Here we show that complex membranes, visualized by cryo-correlative light microscopy and electron tomography, fulfil this role. Membranes form small assemblies between the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane, or, as evidenced by FRAP experiments, large protein-impermeable cross-membrane structures, which compartmentalize the multinucleoid mycelium. All areas containing cross-membrane structures are nucleoid-restricted zones, suggesting that the membrane assemblies may also act to protect nucleoids from cell-wall restructuring events. Our work reveals a novel mechanism of controlling compartmentalization and development in multicellular bacteria. Streptomycetes are multicellular bacteria that grow as multinucleoid filaments with infrequent cross-walls. Here, the authors describe a membrane system that forms protein-impermeable barriers and compartmentalizes the multinucleoid filaments independently from the FtsZ-guided cell division machinery.