Arctic Ice Shelves and Ice Islands
Arctic Ice Shelves and Ice Islands
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DOI：
10.1007/978-94-024-1101-0
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Copland;D. Mueller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Copland;D. Mueller
这本书提供了一个概述，我们目前的知识状态北极冰架和相关的特点。冰架是附着在海岸上漂浮在海洋表面的永久冰区，通常发生在常年海冰积聚到很大厚度的非常寒冷的环境中，和/或冰川从陆地流出并保存在海洋表面的地方。这些景观特征在北极的研究相对较少，但它们是气候变化的潜在高度敏感指标，因为它们对大气、海洋和冰川条件的变化作出反应。最近发生在加拿大高纬度北极地区的冰架断裂和破裂事件（如2002年的沃德亨特冰架；2005年的艾尔斯冰架；2008年的赛森冰架）引起了科学界和公众的广泛关注，特别是考虑到最近整个北极地区的海冰迅速减少。关于南极冰架已经发表了很多文章，南极冰架占南极海岸线的55%，比北极冰架普遍得多。然而，到目前为止，还没有一本专门关于北极冰架或冰岛的书。这本书填补了这一空白。第一部分概述了北极冰架的一般特征和分布。第一章定义了冰架是什么，它们是如何形成的，在哪里形成的，以及北极和南极冰架的区别。还定义了与北极冰架密切相关的特征，如冰岛、冰架湖、冰升和多年陆地固定海冰，并解释了它们的意义。接下来的三章描述了所有已知的北半球冰架在加拿大北极（第二章）、欧亚北极（第三章）和格陵兰岛（第四章）的分布。第二部分首先回顾了对冰架生长和退缩很重要的物理过程。第5章考察了过去一个世纪加拿大北极冰架发生的变化，而第6章集中讨论了沃德亨特冰架的表面质量平衡，这是北半球现存最大的冰架。在此之后，第7章和第8章探讨了确定冰架全新世历史的两种方法，以及这一时期北极冰架存在和不存在的证据。第9章重点介绍了北极冰架的生物学方面，以及在冰架上发现的独特的浮游动物群落
This book provides an overview of our current state of knowledge of Arctic ice shelves and related features. Ice shelves are permanent areas of ice which float on the ocean surface while attached to the coast, and typically occur in very cold environments where perennial sea ice builds up to great thickness, and/or where glaciers flow off the land and are preserved on the ocean surface. These landscape features are relatively poorly studied in the Arctic, yet they are potentially highly sensitive indicators of climate change because they respond to changes in atmospheric, oceanic and glaciological conditions. Recent fracturing and breakup events of ice shelves in the Canadian High Arctic (eg, Ward Hunt Ice Shelf in 2002; Ayles Ice Shelf in 2005; Serson Ice Shelf in 2008) have attracted large scientific and public attention, particularly in light of the rapid recent reductions in sea ice that have occurred across the Arctic. Much has been published about Antarctic ice shelves, which fringe~ 55% of the Antarctic coastline and are far more common than Arctic ice shelves. However, to date there hasn’t been a dedicated book about Arctic ice shelves or ice islands. This volume fills that gap. Part I provides an overview of the general characteristics and distribution of Arctic ice shelves. Chapter 1 defines what ice shelves are, how and where they form, and the differences between Arctic and Antarctic ice shelves. Features that are closely related to Arctic ice shelves, such as ice islands, epishelf lakes, ice rises and multiyear landfast sea ice are also defined and their significance explained. This is followed by three chapters describing the distribution of all known Northern Hemisphere ice shelves in the Canadian Arctic (Chap. 2), Eurasian Arctic (Chap. 3) and Greenland (Chap. 4).Part II begins with reviews of the physical processes that are important for ice shelf growth and retreat. Chapter 5 examines the changes that have occurred in Canadian Arctic ice shelves over the past century, while Chap. 6 concentrates on the surface mass balance of the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf, the largest remaining in the Northern Hemisphere. Following this, Chaps. 7 and 8 explore two approaches to determining the Holocene history of ice shelves, along with evidence for Arctic ice shelf presence and absence over this period. Chapter 9 focuses on biological aspects of Arctic ice shelves, and the unique communities of zooplankton found in epishelf