Effects of punishment on choice between cocaine and food in rhesus monkeys
Effects of punishment on choice between cocaine and food in rhesus monkeys
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-005-2266-7
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发表时间：
2005-09-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Negus, SS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Negus, SS
理由：惩罚被广泛用于控制吸毒行为；然而，只有少数临床前研究调查了惩罚对药物自我给药的影响。这些研究可能有助于更合理地使用惩罚来控制吸毒。目的：评价惩罚对恒河猴可卡因和食物选择的影响。方法：对恒河猴进行食物递送（1 g微丸，固定比例100）和可卡因注射（0 ~ 0.1 mg/kg，固定比例10）同时选择的训练。在基线条件和试验条件下确定了完全可卡因选择剂量效应曲线，其中假定的惩罚剂（静脉注射组胺；每次注射0.0032-0.032 mg/kg）与食物或可卡因递送配对。结果：在基线条件下，可卡因产生剂量依赖性增加可卡因的选择。组胺作为食物和可卡因维持反应的惩罚者。将组胺与食物递送配对减少了食物选择，增加了可卡因选择，并在可卡因选择剂量效应曲线上产生左移。相反，组胺与可卡因的配对减少了可卡因的选择，增加了食物的选择，并在可卡因选择的剂量效应曲线上产生了右移。组胺惩罚效应的强度与组胺剂量和组胺传递概率呈正相关，与强化物强度呈负相关。结论：这些结果表明，在食物与可卡因选择的背景下，惩罚的主要作用不仅是减少被惩罚的行为，而且增加了未受惩罚的替代行为。
Rationale: Punishment is widely used in an effort to control drug-taking behavior; however, only a few preclinical studies have investigated the effects of punishment on drug self-administration. Such studies may contribute to more rational use of punishment to control drug use. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of punishment on choice between cocaine and food in rhesus monkeys. Methods: Rhesus monkeys were trained under a concurrent-choice schedule of food delivery (1 g pellets, fixed-ratio 100 schedule) or cocaine injections (0-0.1 mg/kg per injection, fixed-ratio 10 schedule). Full cocaine choice dose-effect curves were determined under baseline conditions and under test conditions in which a putative punisher (intravenous histamine injection; 0.0032-0.032 mg/kg per injection) was paired with either food or cocaine delivery. Results: Under baseline conditions, cocaine produced a dose-dependent increase in cocaine choice. Histamine functioned as a punisher of both food- and cocaine-maintained responding. Pairing histamine with food delivery reduced food choice, increased cocaine choice, and produced left shifts in the cocaine choice dose-effect curve. Conversely, pairing histamine with cocaine decreased cocaine choice, increased food choice, and produced right shifts in the cocaine choice dose-effect curve. The magnitude of histamine's punishing effects was directly related to histamine dose and probability of histamine delivery, and inversely related to the magnitude of-the reinforcer. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that a primary effect of punishment in the context of food vs cocaine choice is not only a decrease in the behavior being punished, but also an increase in the unpunished alternative behavior.