Invasion of the Giant Hogweed and the Sosnowsky’s Hogweed as a Multidisciplinary Problem with Unknown Future—A Review
Invasion of the Giant Hogweed and the Sosnowsky’s Hogweed as a Multidisciplinary Problem with Unknown Future—A Review
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巨型猪草和索斯诺斯基猪草的入侵是一个未来未知的多学科问题——综述
作者：
E. Grzędzicka
高加索猪草是从高加索地区引入欧洲的植物。本文综述了两种最常见的大猪草Heraculummantegazzianum和Sosnowsky的猪草Heraculumsosnowskyi。第一种是从世纪开始作为花园装饰品进口的，主要是西欧，而第二种是从世纪中期引入东欧的农业地区。如今，这两个物种创造了世界上最有问题的入侵之一。本文从“Scopus”数据库中选取277篇文献，对这些入侵植物的研究进行综述。大多数文章涉及其广泛分布，至少在大陆范围内，以及迅速扩散。综述的研究表明，猪草组织和分泌物的复杂理化性质显着影响昆虫，蚜虫，蚂蚁，线虫，真菌，土壤微生物，植物群落，鸟类和许多其他组成部分的生态系统。事实证明，这些知识与问题的规模不成比例地小。综述还表明了猪草的生态特性是它们在环境中广泛而多样的作用的原因。到目前为止，还没有找到有效的方法来根除高加索猪草。这可能是一个越来越大的错误，因为它们可能处于入侵范围内的快速进化变化期间。
Caucasian hogweeds are plants introduced to Europe from the Caucasus area. This review concerns the two most common ones—the giant hogweed Heracleum mantegazzianum and the Sosnowsky’s hogweed Heracleum sosnowskyi. The first of them was imported as garden decorations from the 19th century, mainly to Western Europe, while the second one was introduced from the mid–20th century to agricultural areas in Eastern Europe. Nowadays, these two species create one of the most problematic invasions in the world. This review aimed to synthesize research on those invaders based on 277 articles selected from the “Scopus” database. Most of the articles concerned their extensive distribution, at least on a continental scale and the rapid dispersal. The reviewed research showed that the complex physicochemical properties of hogweeds tissues and secretions significantly affected insects, aphids, ants, nematodes, fungi, soil microorganisms, plant communities, birds, and many other components of the ecosystems. This knowledge turned out to be disproportionately small to the scale of the problem. The review also showed what ecological traits of hogweeds were responsible for their wide and various role in the environment. Thus far, no effective method to eradicate Caucasian hogweeds has been found. This could be a growing mistake, given that they are probably during the rapid evolutionary changes within the range of their invasion.