REPRODUCTION IN THE RACCOON DOG IN FINLAND
REPRODUCTION IN THE RACCOON DOG IN FINLAND
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DOI：
10.2307/1382597
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发表时间：
1995-11-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
KAUHALA, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HELLE, E;KAUHALA, K
根据1986-1990年芬兰的632具雌性身体，研究了浣熊(Nyctereutsproyonoides)的繁殖。在芬兰，浣熊通常在2月至4月交配，3月是交配高峰期。在地区和年龄方面都存在差异，老年女性生育早于年轻女性。繁殖力(每只繁殖雌性的黄体数)平均为11.5，繁殖力存在年度和区域差异，但与雌性年龄无关。胚胎产仔数平均为9.6窝，以3~5岁雌性最高。初生产仔数平均为8.8窝，3-5岁为产仔高峰。在芬兰南部，卵子丢失和植入前死亡率平均为15%，但在研究地区的东北部，这一比例高达30%。由于胎儿死亡率平均增加5%-10%，产前总死亡率可能超过20%。繁殖雌性的比例平均为78%，随着年龄的增加而增加，生产力(每只雌性的幼崽数量)也是如此，从1岁的5.5增加到大于或等于3岁的8.2。生殖价值以2岁龄雌性最高。浣熊的繁殖受到气候和天气的强烈影响，以及食物(田鼠和浆果)的可获得性与种群密度有关。食物的丰富性和种群密度影响幼浣熊的生长(包括性成熟)和它们的状况(脂肪储备)。在成年雌性中，条件主要影响出生时产仔数的年度变化，而在年轻雌性中，它影响繁殖雌性比例的地区差异。
Reproduction in the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) was studied on the basis of 632 female carcasses in Finland in 1986-1990. In Finland, raccoon dogs usually mate from February to April, with a peak in March. Differences occurred both regionally and with respect to age, with older females breeding earlier than younger ones. Fecundity (number of corpora lutea per breeding female) averaged 11.5, with variation in fecundity occurring both annually and regionally, but not in relation to age of females. Embryonic litter size averaged 9.6 and was highest among females 3-5 years old. Litter size at birth averaged 8.8 and also peaked at 3-5 years of age. Loss of ova and preimplantation mortality averaged 15% in southern Finland, but was as high as 30% in the northeastern part of the study area. Because fetal mortality averaged an additional 5-10%, total prenatal mortality may surpass 20%. The proportion of reproducing females averaged 78%, increasing with age, as did productivity (number of young per female), increasing from 5.5 at 1 year of age to 8.2 at greater than or equal to 3 years. Reproductive value was highest among 2-year-old females. Reproduction in raccoon dogs is strongly affected by climate and weather, and the availability of food (voles and berries) in relation to population density. The abundance of food and population density influence growth (including sexual maturation) of young raccoon dogs and their condition (fat reserves). In adult females, condition mostly affects annual variation in litter size at birth, whereas, in young females, it affects the regional variation in the proportion of reproducing females.