Gentamicin nephrotoxicity in animals: Current knowledge and future perspectives.
Gentamicin nephrotoxicity in animals: Current knowledge and future perspectives.
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DOI：
10.17179/excli2017-165
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Ilic I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Randjelovic P;Veljkovic S;Stojiljkovic N;Sokolovic D;Ilic I
由于相对血流量较高，肾脏极易发生药物损伤。氨基糖苷类抗生素庆大霉素是引起药物性肾毒性的主要原因之一。近年来，通过改用每日一次的剂量以及消除已知的危险因素，庆大霉素的肾毒性显着降低。庆大霉素的应用仍然与严重的副作用有关，与其他抗生素相比，这些副作用更常见。由于庆大霉素仍被大量使用，并且在治疗感染方面非常有效，因此找到降低其肾毒性的机制非常重要。这一目标只有通过更好地了解庆大霉素的肾脏代谢才能实现。在过去的20年里，这个问题得到了广泛的研究。这些实验结果为几乎完全了解庆大霉素肾毒性的机制提供了证据。我们现在已经很好地描述了应用庆大霉素引起的肾脏的形态、生化和功能变化。多年来，这个模型变得如此流行，以至于现在它被用作肾毒性本身的实验模型。这种情况可能会误导普通的科学文献读者，认为我们知道关于它的一切，这里没有什么新发现。但事实恰恰相反。庆大霉素肾毒性的确切而完整的机制仍然是推测的焦点，也是一个未完成的故事。随着生物医学中新的和多功能的技术的出现，我们有机会重新审视旧的信念，发现新的事实。这篇综述着重介绍了这一领域的现有知识，并对未来进行了展望。
Due to high relative blood flow the kidney is prone to drug-induced damage. Aminoglycoside type antibiotic gentamicin is one of the leading cause of drug-induced nephrotoxicity. In recent years gentamicin nephrotoxicity is significantly reduced by shifting to once daily dosage as well as by eliminating known risk factors. Application of gentamicin is still related to serious side effects which are reported more often compared to other antibiotics. Because gentamicin is still heavily used and is highly efficient in treating infections, it is important to find mechanisms to reduce its nephrotoxicity. This aim can only be achieved through better understanding of kidney metabolism of gentamicin. This problem has been extensively researched in the last 20 years. The experimental results have provided evidence for almost complete understanding of mechanisms responsible for gentamicin nephrotoxicity. We now have well described morphological, biochemical and functional changes in kidney due to gentamicin application. During the years, this model has become so popular that now it is used as an experimental model for nephrotoxicity per se. This situation can mislead an ordinary reader of scientific literature that we know everything about it and there is nothing new to discover here. But quite opposite is true. The precise and complete mechanism of gentamicin nephrotoxicity is still point of speculation and an unfinished story. With emerge of new and versatile technics in biomedicine we have an opportunity to reexamine old beliefs and discover new facts. This review focuses on current knowledge in this area and gives some future perspectives.