Facies and fauna of the Pennsylvanian Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry deposit: a review and new data on an important Palaeozoic fossil Lagerstätte with aragonite preservation

Facies and fauna of the Pennsylvanian Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry deposit: a review and new data on an important Palaeozoic fossil Lagerstätte with aragonite preservation
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宾夕法尼亚州鹿角沥青采石场矿床的相和动物群:对具有文石保存的重要古生代化石矿床的回顾和新数据

DOI:
10.1007/s10347-009-0181-9
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发表时间:
2009
期刊:
影响因子:
1.8
通讯作者:
Yancey
Yancey
中科院分区:
地球科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nützel;Yancey

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宾夕法尼亚州鹿角沥青采石场拥有世界上保存最完好的古生代软体动物群。用碳氢化合物早期浸渍硅质碎屑-碳酸盐混合岩石(泥岩、颗粒岩、贝壳床和砾岩)可以防止文石破坏(“浸渍化石Lagerstätte”)。特殊的保存包括贝壳微观结构、微装饰品和早期个体发育贝壳。大多数腹足动物具有浮游营养幼虫发育,表明初级生产力很高,尽管浮游植物的遗骸在这个和其他晚古生代沉积物中非常罕见。沉积发生在浅水沿海地区附近。风暴引发的质量流过程(密度流)参与了某些单元的传输机制。底栖软体动物的壳产生了已知的最多样化的古生代微钻孔组合,表明至少部分是透光条件。无脊椎动物群包括约 160 个物种,以软体动物为主,这对于古生代矿床来说是不寻常的,这表明文石溶解在化石记录中产生了重大偏差。然而,巴克霍恩矿床中的大多数软体动物属也因宾夕法尼亚州其他矿区的重结晶贝而闻名。这表明文石优先溶解造成的保存偏差可能被高估了。
The Pennsylvanian Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry contains the best-preserved Palaeozoic mollusc fauna in the world. Early impregnation of mixed siliciclastic–carbonate rocks (mudstones, pack to grainstones, shell beds, and conglomerates) with hydrocarbons prevented aragonite destruction (“Impregnation FossilLagerstätte”). The exceptional preservation comprises shell microstructures, microornaments and early ontogenetic shells. Most gastropods had planktotrophic larval development indicating a high primary production although the remains of phytoplankton are very rare in this and other Late Palaeozoic deposits. Deposition occurred close to a shallow-water coastal area. Mass flow processes (density currents) triggered by storms were involved in the transport mechanisms of some units. Shells of benthic molluscs yield the most diverse known Palaeozoic microboring assemblage, indicating at least partly euphotic conditions. The invertebrate fauna comprises about 160 species and is dominated by molluscs, which is unusual for a Palaeozoic deposit, suggesting that aragonite dissolution produces a major bias in the fossil record. However, most mollusc genera in the Buckhorn deposit are also known from other Pennsylvanian occurrences as recrystallised shells. This shows that preservation bias via preferential aragonite dissolution may be overestimated.
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