Deconstructing a complex obsidian “source‐scape”: A geoarchaeological and geochemical approach in northwestern Patagonia

Deconstructing a complex obsidian “source‐scape”: A geoarchaeological and geochemical approach in northwestern Patagonia
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解构复杂的黑曜石“源头”“景观”:巴塔哥尼亚西北部的地质考古和地球化学方法

DOI:
10.1002/gea.21701
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
1.7
通讯作者:
Cortegoso, Valeria
Cortegoso, Valeria
中科院分区:
地球科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Barberena, Ramiro;Fernández, María V.;Rughini, Agustina A.;Borrazzo, Karen;Garvey, Raven;Lucero, Gustavo;Della Negra, Claudia;Villanueva, Guadalupe Romero;Durán, Víctor;Cortegoso, Valeria

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巴塔哥尼亚西北部位于安第斯山脉(阿根廷)南部构造活跃的部分,这为黑岩的形成提供了便利,包括受到地貌作用影响的火山碎屑矿床,导致了复杂的黑岩景观。到目前为止,黑铁矿在地貌上的迁移还没有成为系统研究的重点,这阻碍了我们对史前人类迁徙的理解。我们根据我们的研究项目的结果,对不同类型的黑岩的区域可用性进行了最新的评估,该项目结合了地质考古调查和地球化学特征,以了解黑岩的性质和分布。这种强大的“源景”为重建石块供应和丢弃的模式提供了基础。我们的结果表明,对黑铁矿可获得性的解释应该比通常所承认的更微妙。基于我们改进的“源景”,我们讨论了在考古X射线荧光数据库中观察到的模式。与黑铁矿可获得性的地质考古重建相比,考古记录符合距离衰变模式。与以前的解释相反,我们认为黑岩类型的分布与人类家园的范围不同。这项地球考古研究计划为整合不同安第斯地区的考古记录提供了基础。
Northwestern Patagonia is located in a tectonically active part of the southern Andes (Argentina), which has facilitated the formation of obsidian, including pyroclastic deposits that have been affected by geomorphic processes, resulting in a complex obsidian landscape. To date, the geomorphic relocation of obsidian in the landscape has not been a focus of systematic research, and this hampers our understanding of prehistoric human mobility. We present an updated assessment of the regional availability of different obsidian types based on results from our research program, which combines geoarchaeological survey and geochemical characterization to understand the properties and distribution of obsidian. This robust “source‐scape” provides the foundation for reconstructing patterns of lithic provisioning and discard. Our results suggest that interpretations of obsidian availability across the landscape should be more nuanced than is typically acknowledged. Based on our improved “source‐scape,” we discuss the patterns observed in an archaeological X‐ray fluorescence database. When compared with the geoarchaeological reconstruction of obsidian availability, the archaeological record conforms to a distance‐decay pattern. Contrary to previous interpretations, we suggest that the distribution of obsidian types is not isomorphic with human home ranges. This geoarchaeological research program provides a basis for integrating the archaeological record of different Andean regions.
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