The COMBLE Campaign: A Study of Marine Boundary Layer Clouds in Arctic Cold-Air Outbreaks
The COMBLE Campaign: A Study of Marine Boundary Layer Clouds in Arctic Cold-Air Outbreaks
复制标题
COMBLE 活动：北极冷空气爆发时海洋边界层云的研究
DOI：
10.1175/bams-d-21-0044.1
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Field, Paul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Geerts, Bart;Giangrande, Scott E.;McFarquhar, Greg M.;Xue, Lulin;Abel, Steven J.;Comstock, Jennifer M.;Crewell, Susanne;DeMott, Paul J.;Ebell, Kerstin;Field, Paul
地球上最强烈的空气质量变化之一发生在冷空气爆发（CAO）中冷空气从冰冻表面流向更温暖的开放水域时，这一过程在卫星图像中得到了很好的捕捉。尽管CAO云系在高纬度海洋上无处不在，但我们对其性质、其在能量和水循环中的作用以及其在天气和气候模式中的处理却知之甚少。进行海洋边界层实验中的冷空气爆发（COMBLE）是为了更好地了解这种状况及其在模式中的表现。COMBLE旨在研究海洋CAO中的地面通量、边界层结构、气溶胶、云和降水特性以及中尺度环流之间的关系。影响这些特性的过程主要落在边界层过程、对流和降水紧密耦合的尺度范围内，这使得在数值天气预报和全球气候模式中准确表示CAO云系最具挑战性。COMBLE于2019年12月至2020年5月在斯堪的纳维亚半岛北方（北纬69°）的沿海站点部署了一个大气辐射测量移动的设施，并在熊岛（北纬75°）部署了额外的仪器。在主研究中心（熊岛），19%（21%）的时间发生CAO情况。收集了一整套关于大气状况、云、降水和气溶胶的连续现场和遥感观测资料。由于云的定义明确的起源，他们的浅深度，以及广泛的观测温度和气溶胶浓度，COMBLE数据集提供了一个强大的建模测试平台，用于改善大涡模拟和大尺度模型中混合相云过程的表示。
One of the most intense air mass transformations on Earth happens when cold air flows from frozen surfaces to much warmer open water in cold-air outbreaks (CAOs), a process captured beautifully in satellite imagery. Despite the ubiquity of the CAO cloud regime over high-latitude oceans, we have a rather poor understanding of its properties, its role in energy and water cycles, and its treatment in weather and climate models. The Cold-Air Outbreaks in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (COMBLE) was conducted to better understand this regime and its representation in models. COMBLE aimed to examine the relations between surface fluxes, boundary layer structure, aerosol, cloud, and precipitation properties, and mesoscale circulations in marine CAOs. Processes affecting these properties largely fall in a range of scales where boundary layer processes, convection, and precipitation are tightly coupled, which makes accurate representation of the CAO cloud regime in numerical weather prediction and global climate models most challenging. COMBLE deployed an Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Mobile Facility at a coastal site in northern Scandinavia (69°N), with additional instruments on Bear Island (75°N), from December 2019 to May 2020. CAO conditions were experienced 19% (21%) of the time at the main site (on Bear Island). A comprehensive suite of continuous in situ and remote sensing observations of atmospheric conditions, clouds, precipitation, and aerosol were collected. Because of the clouds’ well-defined origin, their shallow depth, and the broad range of observed temperature and aerosol concentrations, the COMBLE dataset provides a powerful modeling testbed for improving the representation of mixed-phase cloud processes in large-eddy simulations and large-scale models.