The formation of foraging aggregations in a highly social seabird, the thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia), at small and large scales

The formation of foraging aggregations in a highly social seabird, the thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia), at small and large scales
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高度社会化的海鸟厚嘴海鸦 (Uria lomvia) 中小规模和大规模的觅食聚集体的形成

DOI:
10.1007/s00227-018-3432-x
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
2.4
通讯作者:
Elliott Kyle H.
Elliott Kyle H.
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brisson-Curadeau Emile;Gilchrist H. Grant;Takahashi Akinori;Dutilleul Pierre;Elliott Kyle H.

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分析动物在空间和时间上的分布,对于理解构成种群动态基础的行为互动非常重要,特别是对于高度社会化的物种。厚喙海鸦(Uria Lomvia)在海鸟中一些最大、最密集的群体中繁殖。虽然这种鸟是已知在海上聚集的,但人们对这种鸟何时、何地和为什么形成聚集知之甚少。我们通过不同的尺度研究了繁殖季节觅食聚集的空间和时间模式,方法是(1)测量喂食幼鸟的成鸟到达群体的同步性,以及(2)使用安装在鸟类上的GPS和相机记录器来检查鸟类在海上的接近程度。成年鱼在带着群居的中上层鱼类Capelin(Mallotus Villosus)时是同步的,但当带着一种独居的底栖鱼斯卡宾(主要是Triglopsspp.)时却不同步。相机记录器显示,尽管猎物密度很低,但它们非常近地接触到了同种动物(< 4米),比偶然预测的要近得多。GPS记录仪还显示了分散在海上的聚集,其中最小的距离比预期的要近。然而,这些研究鸟类通常不会分享觅食轨迹。我们建议,在较小的尺度上,MURORS形成紧密的群体,以提高水下搜索效率。在更大的范围内,Murre聚集最有可能是觅食个体聚集在更多产地区的结果,要么是通过独立遇到猎物热点,要么是通过暗示其他觅食鸟类。
Analyzing how animals are distributed in space and time is important to understand the behavioural interactions that underlie population dynamics, especially for highly social species. Thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) breed in some of the largest and densest colonies of any seabird. Although this bird is known to aggregate at sea, little is known about when, where, and why the birds form aggregations. We examined the spatial and temporal patterns of foraging aggregations during the breeding season through various scales via (1) measurement of the synchrony of arrivals of adults feeding their chicks at the colony, and (2) use of both GPS and camera loggers attached on the birds to examine the proximity of birds at sea. Adult arrivals at the colony were synchronised when bringing capelin (Mallotus villosus), a gregarious pelagic fish, but not when bringing sculpin (primarilyTriglopsspp.), a solitary benthic fish. Camera loggers revealed very close encounters of foraging conspecific (< 4 m), much closer than what was predicted by chance, despite low prey densities. GPS loggers also showed diffuse at-sea aggregations with minimal distances closer than expected by chance. However, those study birds did not typically share foraging trajectories. We suggest that, at smaller scales, murres form tight groups to increase searching efficiency underwater. At larger scales, murre aggregations are most likely a result of foraging individuals converging in the more prolific areas, either by independently encountering prey hotspots, or by cueing on other foraging birds.
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