Signatures of tropopause folding in satellite imagery
Signatures of tropopause folding in satellite imagery
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DOI：
10.1029/2001jd001358
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发表时间：
2003-02
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Wimmers;J. Moody;E. Browell;J. Hair;W. Grant;C. Butler;M. Fenn;C. Schmidt;Jun Yu Li;B. Ridley
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文献类型：
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作者：
A. Wimmers;J. Moody;E. Browell;J. Hair;W. Grant;C. Butler;M. Fenn;C. Schmidt;Jun Yu Li;B. Ridley
[1]通过对关于春分的对流层臭氧产生计划(TOPSE)的飞行测量和卫星图像的调查，给出了平流层对春季臭氧峰值的贡献的卫星概念图。我们通过在极地和中纬度对流层上层通过对流层顶折叠跨越气团边界(北极和极地对流层顶破裂)的过程来解决平流层的贡献。这些边界及其相关的外延流光的边界在改变的水汽(AWV)图像中很容易识别为尖锐的梯度，这是对GOES水蒸气通道的线性修改，代表了对流层上层的特定湿度。沿这一梯度变化的亮温和臭氧总量(来自TOMS和GOES探测器)之间的密切关系证实了AWV图像在探测对流层顶破裂方面的实用性。由飞机激光雷达制作的横断面和对臭氧的现场观测表明，对流层顶沿AWV梯度存在折叠。在2月至5月的研究期间，10个可用的断面中有10个显示出卫星图像所示的对流层顶折叠。这有力地证明，在研究期间，折叠在极地/平流层气团边界上无处不在，并且可以利用AWV图像连续定位平流层空气侵入对流层的相关情况。
[1] A satellite-based conceptual picture of the stratospheric contribution to the spring ozone peak is presented through a survey of flight measurements and satellite imagery from the Tropospheric Ozone Production about the Spring Equinox (TOPSE) program. We address the stratospheric contribution through the process of tropopause folding across air mass boundaries (the arctic and polar tropopause break) in the polar and midlatitude upper troposphere. These boundaries and the boundaries of their related outgrowing streamers are easily identifiable as sharp gradients in the altered water vapor (AWV) imagery, a linear modification of the GOES water vapor channel that represents upper tropospheric specific humidity. The close relationship between altered brightness temperature and total ozone (from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and the GOES sounder) along this gradient confirms the utility of AWV imagery in detecting the tropopause break. Transects constructed from aircraft lidar and in situ observations of ozone illustrate the existence of tropopause folding along the AWV gradient. Ten out of ten available transects during the February to May study period show tropopause folding where indicated by the satellite imagery. This is strong evidence that folding is ubiquitous across the polar/stratospheric air mass boundary during the study period, and that the associated intrusions of stratospheric air into the troposphere can be located continuously using AWV imagery.