A systematic review of interventions for preventing tobacco sales to miners
A systematic review of interventions for preventing tobacco sales to miners
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DOI：
10.1136/tc.9.2.169
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发表时间：
2000-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Lancaster, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stead, LF;Lancaster, T
目的：评估通过阻止店主进行非法销售来减少未成年人接触烟草的干预措施的有效性。方法：系统文献综述。数据来源- Cochrane烟草成瘾组专门登记和Medline。研究干预，以改变零售商的行为被确定。用于搜索吸烟和烟草使用的术语与矿工、儿童或年轻人、零售商、销售或商业的术语相结合的术语。研究选择，对烟草零售商进行干预的研究，要么通过教育，要么通过执行当地法规。结果是零售商遵守法律的变化（通过测试购买评估），年轻人对获得烟草制品的容易程度的变化，以及吸烟行为的变化。包括随机分配或不随机分配零售店或社区的对照研究，以及干预前和干预后评估的对照研究。资料提取——两名审稿人评估了纳入的研究。一种是提取数据，另一种是检查数据。数据综合——结果是定性综合的，对对照研究给予更大的权重。27项纳入的研究中有13项采用对照。结果：向零售商提供信息在减少非法销售方面不如积极执法和/或多成分教育策略有效。没有任何策略达到完全、持续的合规性。在三个对照试验中，干预对青少年对吸烟途径或流行程度的看法几乎没有影响。结论：零售商的干预措施可以导致向青少年销售烟草的网点数量大幅减少。然而，在本综述研究的社区中，很少有社区达到持续的高依从性水平。这也许可以解释为什么有关干预对青少年容易获得烟草的看法和吸烟行为的影响的证据有限。
Objective-To assess the effectiveness of interventions to reduce underage access to tobacco by deterring shopkeepers from making illegal sales.Method-Systematic literature review.Data sources-The Cochrane Tobacco Addiction group specialised register and Medline. Studies of interventions to alter retailer behaviour were identified. The terms used for searching combined terms for smoking and tobacco use with terms for miners, children or young people, and retailers, sales or commerce.Study selection-Studies in which there was an intervention with retailers of tobacco, either through education about, or enforcement of, local ordinances. The outcomes were changes in retailer compliance with legislation (assessed by test purchasing), changes in young people's perceived ease of access to tobacco products, and changes in smoking behaviour. Controlled studies with or without random allocation of retail outlets or communities, and uncontrolled studies with pre- and post intervention assessment, were included.Data extraction-Two reviewers assessed studies for inclusion. One extracted data with checking by the second.Data synthesis-The results were synthesised qualitatively, with greater weight given to controlled studies. Thirteen of 27 included studies used controls.Results-Giving retailers information was less effective in reducing illegal sales than active enforcement and/or multicomponent educational strategies. No strategy achieved complete, sustained compliance. In three controlled trials, there was little effect of intervention on youth perceptions of access or prevalence of smoking.Conclusions-Interventions with retailers can lead to large decreases in the number of outlets selling tobacco to youths. However, few of the communities studied in this review achieved sustained levels of high compliance. This may explain why there is limited evidence for an effect of intervention on youth perception of ease of access to tobacco, and on smoking behaviour.