The Decline and Rise of Agricultural Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa Since 1961
The Decline and Rise of Agricultural Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa Since 1961
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1961 年以来撒哈拉以南非洲农业生产力的下降和上升
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Block
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Block
撒哈拉以南非洲的农业生产力增长取得了一定的成功。自1980年代初以来，全要素生产率增长迅速。到21世纪初，全要素生产率的年均增长速度大约是25年前的4倍。然而，这一加速增长时期是在20世纪60年代初独立后近20年的TFP增长率下降之后。1960 - 1984年，撒哈拉以南非洲的平均农业全要素生产率增长率为每年0.14%，1985 - 2002年增长到每年1.24%。这一时期的平均值约为每年0.6%，占这一时期作物总产量增长的36%。这些高度综合的结果掩盖了区域和国家一级的巨大差异。农业研究与发展的支出，沿着宏观经济和部门政策的改革，形成了农业激励措施，在解释农业生产力的下降和上升方面发挥了重要作用。加纳的案例研究清楚地反映了这些更广泛的调查结果。
Agricultural productivity growth in sub-Saharan Africa has been a qualified success. Total factor productivity growth has increased rapidly since the early 1980s. By the early 2000s, average annual TFP growth was roughly four times faster than it had been 25 years earlier. This period of accelerated growth, however, followed nearly 20 years of declining rates of TFP growth subsequent to independence in the early 1960s. Average agricultural TFP growth for sub-Saharan Africa was 0.14% per year during 1960 - 84, and increased to 1.24% per year from 1985 - 2002. The average over this period was approximately 0.6% per year, which accounts for 36% of the increase in total crop output over this period. These highly aggregated results conceal substantial regional and country-level variation. Expenditures on agricultural R&D, along with the reform of macroeconomic and sectoral policies shaping agricultural incentives, have played a substantial role in explaining both the decline and the rise in agricultural productivity. The case study of Ghana clearly reflects these broader findings.