Cost-effectiveness of alternative powertrains for reduced energy use and CO2 emissions in passenger vehicles
Cost-effectiveness of alternative powertrains for reduced energy use and CO2 emissions in passenger vehicles
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.02.019
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发表时间：
2014-07
期刊：
影响因子：
11.2
通讯作者：
J. Bishop;N. Martin;A. Boies
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Bishop;N. Martin;A. Boies
这项工作分析了使用先进的内燃机、混合动力车、插电式混合动力车、燃料电池汽车和电动汽车在英国九个乘用车细分市场避免二氧化碳(CO2)排放的成本效益。在所有车辆类型和动力总成组中，最小安装动力最大程度取决于从零加速到96.6公里/小时(60英里/小时)的时间。混合动力总成缩小了慢速(tz-60>；8 S)和快加速(tz-60<；8 S)两种车型之间的能源使用差异。与先进动力总成相关的成本溢价最大程度上取决于所选的动力总成，而不是所需的性能。非动力总成部件的改进降低了车辆的道路负荷，使总动力能力降低了17%，能源消耗降低了11%，制造成本溢价降低了13%，二氧化碳减排成本降低了15%。所有配备先进内燃机、大多数混合动力和插电式混合动力系统的车辆都减少了二氧化碳净排放量，并且与各自细分市场的参考车辆相比，其寿命运营成本更低。大多数使用燃料电池的动力总成和所有电动汽车都有正的二氧化碳减排成本。然而，只有使用先进内燃机和并行混合动力汽车的车辆才可能具有吸引力，因为节省的燃料抵消了两年内车辆成本的增加。这项工作表明，与目前的车队相比，节省燃料是可能的，但也表明，降低燃油消耗和二氧化碳排放的最具成本效益的方法是通过先进的燃烧技术和平行拓扑的混合动力。
This work analysed the cost-effectiveness of avoiding carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions using advanced internal combustion engines, hybrids, plug-in hybrids, fuel cell vehicles and electric vehicles across the nine UK passenger vehicles segments. Across all vehicle types and powertrain groups, minimum installed motive power was dependent most on the time to accelerate from zero to 96.6 km/h (60 mph). Hybridising the powertrain reduced the difference in energy use between vehicles with slow (t z-60> 8 s) and fast acceleration (t z-60< 8 s) times. The cost premium associated with advanced powertrains was dependent most on the powertrain chosen, rather than the performance required. Improving non-powertrain components reduced vehicle road load and allowed total motive capacity to decrease by 17%, energy use by 11%, manufacturing cost premiums by 13% and CO 2 emissions abatement costs by 15%. All vehicles with advanced internal combustion engines, most hybrid and plug-in hybrid powertrains reduced net CO 2 emissions and had lower lifetime operating costs than the respective segment reference vehicle. Most powertrains using fuel cells and all electric vehicles had positive CO 2 emissions abatement costs. However, only vehicles using advanced internal combustion engines and parallel hybrid vehicles may be attractive to consumers by the fuel savings offsetting increases in vehicle cost within two years. This work demonstrates that fuel savings are possible relative to today’s fleet, but indicates that the most cost-effective way of reducing fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions is by advanced combustion technologies and hybridisation with a parallel topology.