Electrophysiological evaluation of human brain development
Electrophysiological evaluation of human brain development
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DOI：
10.1080/87565640701228732
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Taylor, Margot J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Picton, Terence W.;Taylor, Margot J.
人类大脑在婴儿期的复杂发育只能通过融合的结构、功能和行为测量来理解。事件相关电位(ERPs)的评估是目前观察婴儿脑功能最有效的方法。事件相关电位范式可以用来检验感觉信息向大脑皮层的简单传递以及大脑皮层内这种信息的辨别。主要的发育变化包括大脑适应经验世界时的功能定位(与突触修剪有关)，以及随着通路变得高效(与髓鞘形成有关)传输速度的加快。与刺激的不同时间方面(开始反应、抵消反应、持续电位和稳定反应)有关的事件相关电位和以不同刺激率记录的事件相关电位可能有助于从时间的角度跟踪知觉发展。在人类发展中，尤其重要的是语音和人脸处理过程中发生的事件相关电位变化。目前，事件相关电位研究可以显示不同受试者之间的差异，这些受试者可以证明发育障碍或阐明发育机制。然而，由于其可变性，事件相关电位在确定单个婴儿是否发育异常方面帮助较小。在可能的情况下，事件相关电位测量应与行为测试相结合，以便将性能与机制联系起来，并与解剖学大脑测量相结合，以将机制与结构联系起来。
The complex development of the human brain during infancy can only be understood by convergent structural, functional, and behavioral measurements. The evaluation of event-related potentials (ERPs) is the most effective current way to look at infant brain function. ERP paradigms can be used to examine the simple transmission of sensory information to the cortex and the discrimination of this information within the cortex. The main developmental changes involve localization of function as the brain becomes tuned to the experienced world (related to synaptic pruning) and a speeding up of transmission as pathways become efficient (related to myelination). ERPs that occur in relation to different temporal aspects of a stimulus (onset-responses, offset-responses, sustained potentials and steady-state responses) and ERPs recorded at different stimulus rates may help track perceptual development from a temporal perspective. Particularly important in human development are the ERP changes that occur in the processing of speech sounds and human faces. At present, ERP studies can show differences between groups of subjects that can demonstrate developmental disorders or elucidate mechanisms of development. However, because of their variability, ERPs are less helpful in determining whether an individual infant is developing abnormally. Where possible, ERP measurements should be used in conjunction with behavioral tests so as to relate performance to mechanism, and with anatomical brain measurements to relate mechanism to structure.