On the surprising effectiveness of a simple matrix exponential derivative approximation, with application to global SARS-CoV-2.

On the surprising effectiveness of a simple matrix exponential derivative approximation, with application to global SARS-CoV-2.
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DOI:
10.1073/pnas.2318989121
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发表时间:
2024-01-16
影响因子:
11.1
通讯作者:
Suchard, Marc A.
Suchard, Marc A.
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Didier, Gustavo;Glatt-Holtz, Nathan E.;Holbrook, Andrew J.;Magee, Andrew F.;Suchard, Marc A.

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Recent work uses a simplistic approximation to the matrix exponential derivative to apply gold-standard models from evolutionary biology to a collection of challenging data analyses. Whereas one may expect the naive approach to break down with increasing model dimensionality, empirical results show no such failure. Here, we 1) develop rigorous error bounds that improve—in a certain sense—as model dimension grows and 2) demonstrate the scalability of the naive approach to a higher-dimensional analysis of the global spread of the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) is the mathematical workhorse of evolutionary biology. Learning CTMC model parameters using modern, gradient-based methods requires the derivative of the matrix exponential evaluated at the CTMC’s infinitesimal generator (rate) matrix. Motivated by the derivative’s extreme computational complexity as a function of state space cardinality, recent work demonstrates the surprising effectiveness of a naive, first-order approximation for a host of problems in computational biology. In response to this empirical success, we obtain rigorous deterministic and probabilistic bounds for the error accrued by the naive approximation and establish a “blessing of dimensionality” result that is universal for a large class of rate matrices with random entries. Finally, we apply the first-order approximation within surrogate-trajectory Hamiltonian Monte Carlo for the analysis of the early spread of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) across 44 geographic regions that comprise a state space of unprecedented dimensionality for unstructured (flexible) CTMC models within evolutionary biology.
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