A paradigm of family transcendence
A paradigm of family transcendence
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家庭超越的典范
DOI：
10.2307/353715
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Bahr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Bahr;K. Bahr
Beutler、Burr、Bahr和Herrin （1989a）提出的“家庭领域”建议，在那篇文章和评论家对它的回应的基础上，被部分地重新表述。我们引入了家庭超越的概念作为家庭领域特征的统一主题，并确定了几种一般的超越类型。我们认为，许多看似不相关的家庭属性是人类代际群体本质的、极限延伸的、跨越阈值的特征的表达。超越是家庭生活的特点，这种超越适用于身体和心理的限制，也适用于形而上学的经验，反映了家庭成员赋予其关系的意义。超越范式定位于解释性和解释性家庭理论，也与家庭生态学理论和生命历程观点相关。该范式的方法论含义包括个人视角的验证（以个人意识层面为基础），对东道国亚文化的尊重，表现在对当地意义和价值观的关注，以及对无处不在的联系和限制和边界的经常武断性质的认识。几年前，Beutler、Burr、Bahr和Herrin （1989a）提出了“家庭领域”作为另一种范式，以帮助阐明在主流理论中被忽视的家庭生活方面。他们说，家庭背景在许多重要方面与其他环境不同，主要的概念框架（大多是从其他学科借来的）可能与研究家庭的理论不太相关，而是专门针对家庭创建的理论。他们确定了七个“区别性特征”，一些人说这是家庭所独有的，是家庭区别于其他组织的特征。他们说，他们的观点是为了补充现有的方法，并提高人们对家庭过程中未探索维度的敏感性（Beutler, Burr, Bahr, & Herrin, 1989b, p. 827）。这篇文章是在那篇文章及其评论的基础上重新构思的。在对原论述的若干问题进行探讨后，我们引入了超越性的概念作为家庭领域特征的统一主题。我们评估了它与家庭背景的相关性，并确定了几种类型的超越。在当前的家庭理论语境中，一种超越范式位于解释学视角，与话语分析、生命历程模型和家庭生态学有着特殊的关联。最后，我们考虑了应用家庭超越作为分析框架的一些方法论含义。家庭领域的问题：术语或标签的真实性问题领域术语的政治内涵和文学内涵令人困扰。一个由政治组织联合起来的王国的公民，对一个当局负有忠诚。一个王国的建立可能会在有争议的边界引发战争，它的存在需要区分王国和非王国。王国的作者也称他们的一系列特征为家庭“领域”，这是一种避免王国政治包袱的选择，但却意味着分离、分裂和独特的轨道。球体是有界的，具有确定的形状，并且可以巧妙地操作。最令人反感的是，对称球体的形象与家庭过程和意义系统的非几何、无定形特征不一致。在决定这两个术语都不行之后，我们检查了领域文章的其他可能性。除了(1)不可简化的核心（出生过程和代际关系）之外，还有其他六个相对独特的特征：(2)作为整体的人的关系，(3)同步过程导向，(4)情感强度，(5)强调定性目的和过程，(6)利他主义价值观，(7)培育治理。Beutler和他的同事说，这些元素的重要性在于它们的整体应用，但没有明确的模式或统一的主题。…
A partial reformulation of Beutler, Burr, Bahr, and Herrin's (1989a) "family realm" proposal is offered, building on that essay and critics' responses to it. We introduce the concept of family transcendence as a unifying theme for family realm characteristics, and we identify several general types of transcendence. We suggest that many apparently unrelated attributes of families are expressions of the essential, limit-stretching, threshold-crossing character of human generational groups. The reaching beyond that distinguishes family life applies to physical and psychological limits as well as to metaphysical experience and reflects the meanings family members give to their connections. The transcendence paradigm is positioned within hermeneutic and interpretive family theory and also is relevant to family ecology theory and life course perspectives. Among the methodological implications of the paradigm are the validation of the individual perspective (grounding at the level of individual consciousness), respect for host subcultures manifested in attention to local meanings and values, and recognition of the ubiquity of connection and the often arbitrary nature of limits and boundaries. Several years ago Beutler, Burr, Bahr, and Herrin (1989a) offered the "family realm" as an alternative paradigm to help illuminate aspects of family life that were neglected in prevailing theories. They said that family contexts differed in important ways from other settings and that the dominant conceptual frameworks, mostly borrowed from other disciplines, might not be as relevant for studying families as theories created specifically with families in mind. They identified seven "differentiating characteristics," some said to be unique to families, that distinguished families from other organizations. Their perspective, they said, was meant to complement existing approaches and to heighten people's sensitivities to unexplored dimensions of family process (Beutler, Burr, Bahr, & Herrin, 1989b, p. 827). The present article is a reformulation that builds on that essay and its critiques. After discussing certain problems with the original presentation, we introduce the concept of transcendence as a unifying theme for family realm characteristics. We assess its relevance to family contexts and identify several types of transcendence. In the context of current family theory, a paradigm of transcendence is located in the hermeneutic perspective, with special relevance to discourse analysis, life course models, and family ecology. Finally, we consider some of the methodological implications of applying family transcendence as an analytical framework. PROBLEMS OF THE FAMILY REALM Issues of Terminology or Truth in Labeling The realm terminology is troubling in its political and literary connotations. Citizens of a realm, united by political organization, owe fealty to an authority. The establishment of a realm may provoke battles at contested frontiers, and its very existence requires the demarking of realm from nonrealm. The realm authors also called their set of characteristics a family "sphere," an alternative that avoids the political baggage of realm, yet connotes separateness, division, and distinctive orbit. Spheres are bounded, have an established shape, and are neatly manipulable. Most objectionably, the image of the symmetrical sphere is incongruent with the nongeometical, amorphous character of family process and meaning systems. Having decided that neither term would do, we examined the realm essay for other possibilities. Beyond (1) the irreducible core-the birth process and generational ties-were six other relatively unique characteristics: (2) relationships as total persons, (3) simultaneous process orientation, (4) emotional intensity, (5) an emphasis on qualitative purposes and processes, (6) altruistic values, and (7) nurturing governance. Beutler and colleagues said that the importance of these elements was in their holistic application, yet there was no clear pattern or unifying theme. …