Host responses to pathogenic Salmonella infection.
Host responses to pathogenic Salmonella infection.
复制标题
宿主对致病性沙门氏菌感染的反应。
DOI：
10.1101/gad.11.6.679
复制
发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
10.5
通讯作者：
Jones,BD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jones,BD
从我们出生到死亡，接触细菌、真菌和原生动物是生命中不可避免的一部分。我们与这些微生物中的许多微生物的接触非常短暂，而其他微生物则留下来建立更稳定的关系。这些生物体成为我们正常植物群的一部分，并在皮肤、口腔和胃肠道等处被发现。通常，这些关系对宿主和微生物都是有益的。虽然水生植物群似乎提供了几个好处，但在某些情况下，它也可能对我们的健康构成重大威胁。免疫系统的主要责任是确保寄生生物的生长和位置对宿主来说是最佳的。如果防御性免疫受到损害或以任何方式失败，那么良性的寄生虫很快就会成为机会性病原体。我们遇到的一些微生物依赖于它们对宿主造成细胞损伤的能力来生存和复制。在进入合适的宿主后，这些病原体启动一系列事件，测试宿主的先天防御机制和免疫系统的能力。从微生物的角度来看，这些相互作用挑战了细菌对宿主环境中不断变化的障碍物做出反应的能力。本次审查将集中在有毒沙门氏菌菌株和宿主之间的相互作用，他们感染的选择压力如何帮助塑造宿主-病原体关系的一个例子。将努力突出沙门氏菌感染和入侵时发生的各种免疫和细胞宿主反应。沙门氏菌感染开始时，致病菌株被摄入到一个合适的主机通过污染的食物或水。摄入的有机体从口腔移动到胃的极端酸性环境。在这种低pH环境中存活的微生物然后进入小肠，在那里它们开始与宿主的正常肠内植物群竞争营养和空间。细菌的第一个致病步骤是当生物体突破淋巴滤泡的肠上皮并进入淋巴系统时，
Exposure to bacteria, fungi, and protozoa is an inescapable part of life from the moment that we are born until we die. Our contact with many of these microorganisms is very brief, whereas others stay behind and establish a more stable relationship. These organisms become part of our normal flora and are found, among other places, on the skin, in the mouth, and in the gastrointestinal tract. Typically these relationships are beneficial to both the host and the microorganism. Although the commensal flora appears to provide several benefits, it can also, under certain conditions, represent a significant threat to our health. The immune system has the primary responsibility of ensuring that the growth and location of commensal organisms is optimal for the host. If defensive immunity is compromised or fails in any way then benign commensals quickly become opportunistic pathogens.Some of the microorganisms that we encounter rely upon their ability to cause cellular damage to a host for survival and replication. Upon entering a suitable host, these pathogens initiate a series of events that test innate host defense mechanisms and the capabilities of the immune system. From the perspective of the microorganism, these interactions challenge the ability of the bacteria to respond to constantly changing obstacles within the host environment. This review will focus on the interactions between virulent Salmonella strains and the hosts that they infect as an example of how selective pressure helps to shape host-pathogen relationships. Efforts will be made to highlight the various immunological and cellular host responses that occur in response to Salmonella infection and invasion. Salmonella infections are initiated when a pathogenic strain is ingested into a suitable host via contaminated food or water. Ingested organisms move from the mouth to the extremely acidic environment of the stomach. Organisms that survive this low pH environment then move into the small intestine where they begin to compete with the normal enteric flora of the host for nutrients and space. The first pathogenic step of the bacteria is taken when organisms breach the intestinal epithelium of lymphoid follicles and enter the lymphatic sys-