Water and sediment toxicity assessment by use of behavioural responses of medicinal leeches
Water and sediment toxicity assessment by use of behavioural responses of medicinal leeches
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DOI：
10.1016/s0160-4120(02)00118-6
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发表时间：
2003-03
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Laima Petrauskien
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Laima Petrauskien
行为已被证明是水生生物化学诱导应激和病理的敏感指标。然而，由于天然水域水蛭资源稀缺，药用水蛭的生态毒理学研究受到限制。我们使用两种不同年龄的人工饲养药用水蛭（Hirudomedicineis L.）：幼年水蛭（1-2周龄）和成年水蛭（1岁）。动物暴露于：(1) Drukshiai 湖的水——伊格纳利纳核电站的冷却器，(2) Nemunas 河的沉积物和 (3) 重金属模型混合物 (HMMM) 溶液。研究了水蛭的以下行为反应：移动性（在一定时间内移动的个体数量）、回避反应（逃离测试水或沉积物的个体数量）、体形变化（某些肌肉收缩、吸盘位置异常）和摄食活动（附着过程的寿命、摄食周期的中断、血粉的大小）。在 Drukshiai 湖的测试水域中，幼年水蛭的活动性有所增加，而成年水蛭的这一指数没有变化。在暴露于 Drukshiai 湖水域的幼年水蛭和暴露于上述所有三种试验的成年动物中，观察到回避反应以及摄食活动受损（附着过程延长或完全抑制附着反射、血粉大小减少）。在接触测试样品的第一个小时内记录回避反应和活动能力的变化；因此，这些响应可以用作水和沉积物污染评估的快速方法。暴露 1-3 周后记录进食活动受损：该反应可用于评估污染的慢性毒性。药用水蛭由于其敏感性高、测量指标简单且易于实验室维护，可作为生态毒性研究的测试生物。
Behaviour has been shown to be a sensitive indicator of chemically induced stress and pathology in aquatic organisms. However, ecotoxicological investigations on medicinal leech are restricted because of scarce leech resources in natural waters. We used artificially bred medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis L.) of two different ages: young (1–2 weeks old) and adult leeches (1 year old). Animals were exposed to: (1) waters of Lake Drukshiai—the cooler of Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant, (2) sediments of the river Nemunas and (3) solution of heavy metal model mixture (HMMM). The following behavioural responses of leech were investigated: mobility (number of moving individuals within certain periods of time), avoidance response (number of individuals escaping the tested water or sediments) changes in body shape (contractions of some muscles, abnormal position of suckers) and feeding activity (longevity of attachment process, interruptions of feeding bouts, size of blood meal). Mobility of young leeches was increased in the tested waters of Lake Drukshiai, whereas adult leeches showed no changes of this index. Avoidance response as well as impaired feeding activity (prolonged attachment process or completely suppressed attachment reflex, decreased size of blood meal) was observed in young leeches exposed to the waters from Lake Drukshiai and in adult animals exposed to all three kind of trials mentioned above. Avoidance response and changes in mobility were recorded during the first hour of exposure to tested samples; therefore, these responses can be used as an express method for water and sediment pollution assessment. Impaired feeding activity was recorded after 1–3-week exposure: this response may be used in assessing a chronic toxicity of pollution. Medicinal leech, due to its sensitivity, simplicity of measured indices and ease of laboratory maintenance, can be used as a test organism in ecotoxicity studies.