Investigating the Role of Ipsilateral and Contralateral Eye-Hand Dominance in Tennis Serve Accuracy of Amateur Tennis Players
Investigating the Role of Ipsilateral and Contralateral Eye-Hand Dominance in Tennis Serve Accuracy of Amateur Tennis Players
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研究同侧和对侧眼手优势对业余网球运动员发球准确性的影响
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发表时间：
2017
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通讯作者：
A. Laios
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作者：
Efthymios Ziagkas;A. Mavvidis;G. Grouios;A. Laios
网球发球是近年来发展起来的，发球速度有了很大的提高。例如，在罗兰加洛斯，从2002年到2009年，平均发球速度的平均差异从165.1公里/小时增加到188.9公里/小时，第一次发球准确率从60.2%增加到64.2%，A从2.2增加到8.6（Pollard，Pollard，巴内特和Zeleznikow，2009; Born，2011）。考虑到这一时期运动员的身体特征没有发生变化，我们可以支持这样的假设，即发球速度与身体力量或身体特征的优势无关，尽管取决于网球发球技术的改进，正如最近的研究所提到的那样（Pugh，Kovaleski，Heitman，& Gilley，2003; Reid，Elliott & Alderson，2007; Reid，Whiteside，& Elliott，2011）。另一项研究检查了参与网球发球的选定肌肉群的肌肉激活的贡献。他们的结论是，优势手的肌肉弹性，如腕屈肌，在准确性和发球速度中起着重要作用（P协调似乎是影响网球发球表现的主要因素（Schoenborn，1998; Durovic，Lozovic & Mrduljas，2008; Reid，Whiteside，& Elliott，2011）。肌肉的协同和协调取决于发球区的一侧。最近的一项研究（Wend，Ehstand & Prechtl，2010）发现，一项旨在提高发球速度的训练计划，当运动员从右侧（5.49 km /h）发球时，比从左侧（4.81 km / h）发球时显示出更好的结果。在发球过程中，下肢技术也会影响发球速度，例如，如果球员将右脚放在后面（右手）（脚后技术）或将右脚移到左边（脚上技术）。根据Elliott和Wood的研究（Elliott，& Wood，1983），脚抬起技术在垂直轴上实现更高的速度（更大的垂直力）。在发球过程中抛球时与球的视觉接触是专业技术的基本先决条件（Knudson，Luedtke，& Faribault，1994; Brown，2004）。在这一点上，一个关键的细节，是球员的眼睛优势时，用非优势手抛球，球和球拍的头部之间的接触。手优势，作为一个偏侧化指标，代表大脑半球的结构和功能的不对称性。它们对人类发育和个体发育的贡献已经被神经科学数据充分证明。自世纪后半叶以来，研究者和运动心理学家开始关注手和眼偏好对瞄准技能的影响。据我们所知，尽管有一些研究提到了抛球时的眼球运动（Knudson等人，1994）和击球时的眼手协调（Sahan，& Erman，2009），没有研究调查网球中的眼手优势。本研究旨在探讨网球发球时，同侧与对侧眼手优势对发球准确性的影响。此外，本研究的目的是检验的假设，同侧和对侧眼手优势的球员没有显着差异，在网球发球accuracy.Materials and MethodsParticipants：41右手业余水平的网球运动员参加了这项研究，22名男性和19名女性（表1）。平均年龄为20.9岁（S.D.=± 0.66）。网球训练年限为1 ~ 3年。程序-工具-测量：采用Coren（Coren，1993）的自我报告问卷“侧向偏好量表”和两种测试评估眼和手的优势，两种测试的结果相同。根据同侧或对侧眼手偏好模型，将被试分为同侧眼手优势组和对侧眼手优势组。…
IntroductionTennis serve has been developed in recent times, thus serving speed has been significantly increased. In Rolland Garros for example, from 2002 to 2009 the mean difference in average serving speed has been reported to increase from 165,1 to 188,9 km/h, the percentage of first serve accuracy from 60,2% to 64,2% and aces from 2.2 to 8,6 (Pollard, Pollard, Barnett & Zeleznikow, 2009; Born, 2011). Considering that in this period there was no change in athletes body characteristics, we may support the hypothesis that serve speed is independent of body strength or advantages due to body characteristic, although depends on improved tennis serve technique, as has been mentioned in recent studies (Pugh, Kovaleski, Heitman, & Gilley, 2003; Reid, Elliott & Alderson, 2007; Reid, Whiteside, & Elliott, 2011). Another research examined the contribution of muscle activation of selected muscle groups involved in tennis serve. They concluded that, elasticity of muscles of the dominant hand, such as wrist flexors , plays a significant role in accuracy and serve speed (P Coordination seems to be the main factor affecting tennis serve performance (Schoenborn, 1998; Durovic, Lozovina & Mrduljas, 2008; Reid, Whiteside, & Elliott, 2011). Muscle synergy and coordination depends on the side of the serving court. A recent study (Wend, Ehstand & Prechtl, 2010), found that a training program aiming to improve serve speed, shown better results when athletes performed serve from the right side (5,49 km / h) than the left side ( 4,81 km / h). Lower limps technique also, during the serve, i.e if the player holds behind the right foot (right-handed) (foot-back technique) or moves it next to the left (foot-up technique) seemed to affect the service speed. The foot up technique accomplishes higher speeds on the vertical axis (larger vertical forces) according to the study of Elliott and Wood (Elliott, & Wood, 1983).Visual contact with the ball when tossing the ball during serve is a basic prerequisite of expertise technique (Knudson, Luedtke, & Faribault, 1994; Brown, 2004). A critical detail at this point, is player's eye dominance when tossing the ball with the non-dominant hand and just before the contact between the ball and the head of the racquet.Hand dominance, as a laterality index, represents structural and functional asymmetries of brain hemispheres. Their contribution to phylogenic and ontogenetic development of human, have been well documented by neuroscientific data. Since the second half of the twentieth century, researchers and sport psychologists, were concerned with the contribution of hand and eye preference to aiming skills. To the best of our knowledge, despite a few researches who mentioned eye movements when tossing the ball (Knudson et al., 1994) and the eye hand coordination while hitting the ball (Sahan, & Erman, 2009), there are no studies investigating eye hand dominance in tennis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ipsilateral and contralateral eye hand dominance in tennis serve accuracy. Additionally, the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that players with ipsilateral and contralateral eye hand dominance do not differ significantly in tennis serve accuracy.Materials and MethodsParticipants: 41 right handed amateur level tennis players participated in this study, 22 male and 19 female (table1). The average age was 20.9 (S.D.= ± 0,66). The training years in tennis were between 1 and 3 years.Procedure - tools - measures: Eye and hand dominance were evaluated using the self-reported questionnaire "Lateral Preference Inventory" of Coren (Coren, 1993) and by the use of two tests, which gave the same results. According to ipsilateral or contralateral eye-hand preference model, the sample was divided into two groups: the ipsilateral eye-hand dominance group and the contralateral eye-hand dominance group. …