Trade-off between Plasticity and Velocity in Mycelial Growth.
Trade-off between Plasticity and Velocity in Mycelial Growth.
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DOI：
10.1128/mbio.03196-20
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发表时间：
2021-03-16
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Takeshita N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fukuda S;Yamamoto R;Yanagisawa N;Takaya N;Sato Y;Riquelme M;Takeshita N
顶端生长的真菌细胞在顶端区域保持细胞极性，并通过细胞壁的从头合成而伸长。细胞极性和顶端生长速率影响菌丝形态。顶端生长的真菌细胞在顶端区域保持细胞极性，并通过细胞壁的从头合成而伸长。细胞极性和顶端生长速率影响菌丝形态。然而，目前还不清楚这两个功能如何协同作用，以确定细胞形状。在这里，我们通过分析在微流控装置的极其狭窄的1 μ m宽度的通道内生长的丝状真菌的菌丝尖端生长来研究这种关系。由于通道比菌丝的直径窄得多，任何通过通道生长的菌丝必须适应其形态。活细胞成像分析显示，一些物种的菌丝继续通过通道生长，而其他物种的菌丝往往停止生长时，通过通道，或失去了顶端极性后，出现从另一端的通道。荧光活细胞成像分析Spitzenkörper，一个收集的分泌囊泡和极性相关的蛋白质在菌丝顶端，在粗糙脉孢菌表明，菌丝顶端的生长需要一个非常微妙的平衡有序胞吐，以保持在空间受限的环境中的极性。我们分析了来自不同谱系的七种真菌的菌丝生长，包括植物病原真菌。这种比较的方法表明，由通道引起的生长缺陷与它们的分类学分类或菌丝的宽度无关，而是与菌丝伸长速率相关。这份报告指出了形态可塑性和菌丝生长速度之间的权衡，有助于了解真菌侵入生长到基质或植物/动物细胞中，对真菌生物技术，生态学和致病性产生直接影响。
Tip-growing fungal cells maintain cell polarity at the apical regions and elongate by de novo synthesis of the cell wall. Cell polarity and tip growth rate affect mycelial morphology. Tip-growing fungal cells maintain cell polarity at the apical regions and elongate by de novo synthesis of the cell wall. Cell polarity and tip growth rate affect mycelial morphology. However, it remains unclear how both features act cooperatively to determine cell shape. Here, we investigated this relationship by analyzing hyphal tip growth of filamentous fungi growing inside extremely narrow 1 μm-width channels of microfluidic devices. Since the channels are much narrower than the diameter of hyphae, any hypha growing through the channel must adapt its morphology. Live-cell imaging analyses revealed that hyphae of some species continued growing through the channels, whereas hyphae of other species often ceased growing when passing through the channels, or had lost apical polarity after emerging from the other end of the channel. Fluorescence live-cell imaging analyses of the Spitzenkörper, a collection of secretory vesicles and polarity-related proteins at the hyphal tip, in Neurospora crassa indicates that hyphal tip growth requires a very delicate balance of ordered exocytosis to maintain polarity in spatially confined environments. We analyzed the mycelial growth of seven fungal species from different lineages, including phytopathogenic fungi. This comparative approach revealed that the growth defects induced by the channels were not correlated with their taxonomic classification or with the width of hyphae, but, rather, correlated with the hyphal elongation rate. This report indicates a trade-off between morphological plasticity and velocity in mycelial growth and serves to help understand fungal invasive growth into substrates or plant/animal cells, with direct impact on fungal biotechnology, ecology, and pathogenicity.