Dispersal and gene flow in a butterfly with home range behavior: Heliconius erato (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Dispersal and gene flow in a butterfly with home range behavior: Heliconius erato (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
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具有家庭行为的蝴蝶的扩散和基因流：Heliconiuserato（鳞翅目：蛱蝶科）
作者：
J. Mallet
在以前的标记-再捕获研究中，发现Heliconius蝴蝶的扩散率很低，这种运动的缺乏是由于家域行为。摘要采用室内实验的方法，研究了异翅蝎蛉蛹羽化后的迁飞行为。在标记-再捕获研究中发现，大部分运动发生在第一次捕获个体之前。在考虑了这种早期运动之后，估计扩散参数σ至少为296 m（折切标准误差±30 m），“邻域种群大小”N约为50-150个个体。这些σ和N的估计值分别比基于标准标记-再捕获数据的估计值大2倍和5倍以上，尽管与其他蝴蝶物种的估计值相比它们很小。严重的局限性，使用扩散实验来估计基因流和邻域大小进行了讨论。从杂种区的颜色模式基因座和电泳中得到的遗传数据表明，如果说有什么不同的话，那就是我所得到的σ和N的估计值仍然太低。遗传和扩散数据一起表明，亲属选择是一个不太可能的机制，在Heliconius的警告色和其他假定的利他主义的演变，除非偶尔的遗传漂变也参与其中。
SummaryHeliconius butterflies have been found to have low rates of dispersal in previous mark-recapture studies, and this lack of movement is due home-range behavior. An experiment on Heliconius erato was designed to investigate movement from the site of pupal eclosion. It was found that most of the movement occurs before the first capture of an individual in a mark-recapture study. After incorporating this early movement, the dispersal parameter, σ, is estimated to be at least 296 m (±30 m jackknifed standard error), and the “neighborhood population size”, N, is about 50–150 individuals. These estimates of σ and N are more than 2 and 5 times larger, respectively, than estimates based on standard mark-recapture data, though they are small compared with estimates from other butterfly species. Severe limitations of using dispersal experiments to estimate gene flow and neighborhood size are discussed. Genetic data from color pattern loci in hybrid zones and from electrophoresis suggest that, if anything, the estimates of σ and N that I have obtained are still too low. Genetic and dispersal data together show that kin selection is an unlikely mechanism for the evolution of warning color and other supposed altruisms in Heliconius, unless occasional genetic drift is also involved.