A Novel Observational Method for Assessing Acute Responses to Cannabis: Preliminary Validation Using Legal Market Strains
A Novel Observational Method for Assessing Acute Responses to Cannabis: Preliminary Validation Using Legal Market Strains
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DOI：
10.1089/can.2017.0038
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Hutchison, Kent E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bidwell, L. Cinnamon;Mueller, Raeghan;Hutchison, Kent E.
背景：开发符合现行联邦法规的新型大麻研究方法对于研究合法市场大麻的影响至关重要。对更高强度、更高浓度的δ 9-四氢大麻酚（THC）的研究很少，自大麻合法化以来，THC越来越多。对含有大麻二酚（CBD）的菌株的研究非常有限，大麻二酚是第二种主要的大麻素，但非拟精神物质。材料和方法：使用一种新的观察方法，常规大麻使用者被要求使用他们从当地药房购买的两种合法市场大麻中的一种（一种含有8%的四氢大麻酚和16%的CBD （THC+CBD)），另一种含有17%的四氢大麻酚浓度，但不含CBD (THC)）。在使用了他们建议的大麻品种3天后，参与者在最后一次使用后立即返回实验室。测量方法包括抽血测量大麻素血液水平和循环细胞因子，自我报告的主观药物效果，以及口头回忆记忆。结果：3天菌株操作后血液中CBD/THC浓度水平分析表明，除1名参与者外，所有参与者（n=23/24）都遵循指示并使用了指定的菌株。四氢大麻酚组（n=11）的个体吸烟量不超过他们通常的吸烟量，使用四氢大麻酚+CBD （n=12）菌株的参与者吸烟量超过他们报告的通常量，但四氢大麻酚+代谢物的血液水平与四氢大麻酚组没有显著差异。THC+CBD菌株还与吸烟欲望降低、主观药物效应水平降低以及使用后立即降低循环细胞因子（tnf - α、IL-6和IL-1 β）水平有关。结论：初步结果支持这种新的观察方法的可行性，包括短暂的应变操作。初步研究结果表明，参与者可能会根据大麻素浓度自行滴定大麻使用量，而THC+CBD菌株与较低水平的大麻渴望、主观中毒和循环细胞因子相关。
Background: The development of novel cannabis research methods that are compatible with current federal regulations is imperative to conduct studies of the effects of legal market cannabis. There is very little research on higher strength, higher Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which has become increasingly available since legalization. Research on strains containing cannabidiol (CBD), a second primary, but nonpsychotomimetic, cannabinoid, is very limited. Materials and Methods: Using a novel observational methodology, regular cannabis users were asked to use one of two legal market cannabis strains that they purchased from a local dispensary (one strain containing 8% THC and 16% CBD (THC+CBD) and one containing a 17% THC concentration, but no CBD (THC). After using their suggested cannabis strain as they typically would for a 3-day period, participants returned to the laboratory immediately after their final use. Measures included a blood draw to measure cannabinoid blood levels and circulating cytokines, self-reported subjective drug effects, and verbal recall memory. Results: Analysis of CBD/THC concentration levels in the blood following the 3-day strain manipulation suggests that all, but one participant (n=23/24) followed instructions and used their assigned strain. Individuals in the THC group (n=11) smoked no more than their usual amount, and participants who used the THC+CBD (n=12) strain smoked more than their reported usual amount, but did not have significantly different THC+metabolite blood levels from the THC group. The THC+CBD strain was also associated with less desire to smoke, lower levels of subjective drug effects, and lower levels of circulating cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1 beta) immediately after use. Conclusions: Initial results support the feasibility of this novel observational methodology involving brief manipulation of strain use. Preliminary findings indicate that participants may self-titrate cannabis use based on cannabinoid concentration and the THC+CBD strain was associated with lower levels of cannabis craving, subjective intoxication, and circulating cytokines.