The Role of Buddhist Monasteries in T'ang Society
The Role of Buddhist Monasteries in T'ang Society
复制标题
佛教寺院在唐代社会中的作用
DOI：
10.1086/462744
复制
发表时间：
1976
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Ch’en
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Ch’en
当佛教在公元初期传入中国时，它面临着一个与其许多流行的教义和实践相对立的文明。佛教认为人世间的生活是痛苦的;中国人认为人世间的生活是可以尽情享受的，因为这是他唯一的生活。佛教的目的是结束轮回的不断循环与其义不容辞的痛苦，以寻求宁静与和平的nyndia;实现这一点的方式是退出社会，导致宗教生活。中国人的目标是通过积极的生活来实现他的命运，以实现已故胡适曾经所说的三个W的不朽佛教徒认为应该放弃家庭生活，把独身视为最高的美德;而中国人则把家庭生活视为中国社会的支柱，因此认为传宗接代是每一个中国人的最高责任。佛教徒主张，寺院的成员应该摆脱谋生的负担，只靠信徒的施舍维持生活;中国人强烈认为，每个身体健全的男子都应该在寺院里耕种。
When Buddhism was introduced into China around the beginning of the Christian era, it was confronted with a civilization that was opposed to many of its prevailing tenets and practices. Buddhism looked upon life in this world as suffering; the Chinese regarded earthly life as something to be enjoyed to the fullest, since this was the only life that he had. Buddhism aimed at terminating the continuous cycle of rebirths with its incumbent suffering to seek the tranquillity and peace of nirvana; the way to accomplish this was withdrawal from society to lead the religious life. The Chinese aimed at fulfillment of his destiny by leading an active life to achieve what the late Hu Shih once called the immortality of the three W's (work, words, and worth).1 The Buddhist believed that family life should be abandoned and celibacy regarded as the highest virtue; the Chinese, on the other hand, regarded family life as the backbone of Chinese society, therefore considering the perpetuation of the family line to be the highest duty of every Chinese. The Buddhist advocated that members of the monastic community should be freed from the burdens of earning a living and should subsist only on alms donated by the faithful; the Chinese strongly held that every able-bodied male should till the