Changes in manganese and lead in the environment and young children associated with the introduction of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl in gasoline - preliminary results
Changes in manganese and lead in the environment and young children associated with the introduction of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl in gasoline - preliminary results
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2005.03.013
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Swan, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gulson, B;Mizon, K;Swan, H
目前正在进行一项为期 4 年的纵向研究，以评估与 2001 年将甲基环戊二烯基三羰基锰 (MMT) 引入澳大利亚有关的环境和幼儿接触的潜在变化。该队列由 57 名女性和 56 名男性组成，年龄范围为 0.29-3.9 岁。每 6 个月从距离悉尼主要交通干道不同距离的住宅中的儿童收集样本。环境样本包括空气、房屋和日托中心的灰尘、土壤、灰尘和汽油；孩子们的样本包括血液、尿液、户外玩耍之前和之后的手巾，以及 6 天的重复饮食。使用电感耦合等离子体方法对所有样品的 20 种元素进行分析。给出了前三个 6 个月采样周期的铅 (Pb) 和锰 (Mn) 的结果。对于降尘累积量（以金属浓度/m(2)/30天表示），家庭和日托中心之间的Pb或Mn没有显着差异，Pb或Mn在三个采样周期（时间）内没有显着变化，“交通暴露”（交通量和与道路的距离）与Pb呈正相关，但与Mn无关。土壤中的铅浓度是室内降尘中铅的重要预测因子。就手巾而言，儿童在户外玩耍后取用的湿巾中的铅和锰浓度通常明显高于玩耍前取用的湿巾中的浓度。手巾中的 Pb 或 Mn 浓度与交通暴露之间没有显着相关性，并且手巾中的 Pb 浓度与性别之间也没有显着相关性，尽管后者与 Mn 存在轻微显着相关性 (P = 0.053)。年龄与手巾中的铅含量有关，年龄较大的受试者的铅含量较高，并且随着时间的推移，铅和锰的浓度显着下降。降尘积累是手巾中 Pb 的重要预测因子，灰尘清扫是手巾中 Mn 的重要预测因子。血铅（PbB）浓度范围为0.6至19μg/dL（GM 2.6）（it = 269），血液中锰（MnB）浓度范围为1.8至45μg/L（GM 11.6）（it = 254）。女性和男性的平均 PbB 或 MnB 没有显着差异；随着时间的推移，PbB 显着下降，但 MnB 没有显着变化。 PbB 的唯一显着预测因子是灰尘积累，尽管饮食摄入量也可能很重要，MnB 的唯一显着预测因子是比赛前手巾中的 Mn。在调查的早期阶段，我们未能检测到这些环境样本或血液样本中锰含量有任何增加，可能与使用 MMT 有关；事实上，手巾中的锰含量随着时间的推移而下降。 (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。
A 4-year longitudinal study is being conducted to evaluate potential changes to the environment and exposure of young children associated with the introduction of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) into Australia in 2001. The cohort consists of 57 females and 56 males, with an age range of 0.29-3.9 years. Samples are collected every 6 months from children in residences located at varying distances from major traffic thoroughfares in Sydney. Environmental samples include air, house, and daycare center dustfall, soil, dust sweepings, and gasoline; samples from the children include blood, urine, handwipes prior to and after playing outdoors, and a 6-day duplicate diet. All samples are analyzed for a suite of 20 elements using inductively coupled plasma methods. Results are presented for the first three 6-month sampling periods for lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn). For dustfall accumulation, expressed as metal concentration/m(2)/30 days, there was no significant difference between homes and daycare centers for either Pb or Mn, no significant change over the three sampling periods (time) for Pb or Mn, and a positive relationship between "traffic exposure" (traffic volume and proximity to the road) and Pb but not Mn. Lead concentrations in soil was a significant predictor for Pb in the house dustfall. For handwipes, the concentrations of Pb and Mn in wipes taken from children after playing outdoors was usually significantly greater than those for wipes taken prior to playing. There was no significant association between the concentrations of either Pb or Mn in handwipes and traffic exposure, and there was no significant association between Pb concentrations in the handwipes and gender, although the latter showed a marginally significant association for Mn (P = 0.053). Age was related to Pb level in the handwipes, with older subjects having higher Pb levels, and there were significant decreases in Pb and Mn concentrations over time. Dustfall accumulation was a significant predictor for Pb in the handwipes, and dust sweepings were a significant predictor of Mn in handwipes. Blood lead (PbB) concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 19 mu g/dL (GM 2.6) (it = 269), and manganese in blood (MnB) ranged from 1.8 to 45 mu g/L (GM 11.6) (it = 254). There was no significant difference between females and males for either mean PbB or MnB; over time there was a significant decline in PbB but no significant change in MnB. The only significant predictor for PbB was dustfall accumulation, although dietary intake may also be important, and the only significant predictor for MnB was Mn in handwipes prior to playing. At this early stage of the investigation we have not been able to detect any increases in Mn in these environmental samples or blood samples potentially associated with the use of MMT; in fact the Mn levels in handwipes declined over time. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.