Taste receptors in the upper airway.
Taste receptors in the upper airway.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.wjorl.2018.02.004
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发表时间：
2018-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lee RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Freund JR;Lee RJ
味觉感受器因其最初在舌头上的表达和在味觉（味觉）中的作用而命名。现在已知它们参与舌头外的许多化学感应过程。最近在许多器官中发现了苦味、甜味和鲜味受体的表达，包括大脑、气道、胃肠道和生殖系统。我们还不知道这些受体在所有这些组织中的完整作用，也不知道激活它们的所有内源配体。然而，味觉受体正在成为潜在的重要治疗靶点。此外，它们可能会介导药物的一些脱靶效应，因为已知临床上常用的许多药物都是苦味的。本综述的重点是最近的基础和临床数据，描述气道中苦味 (T2R) 和甜味 (T1R) 受体的表达以及分泌的细菌化合物对它们的激活。这些受体在先天免疫一氧化氮产生和抗菌肽分泌中发挥重要作用，并且可能是通过局部治疗刺激上呼吸道免疫反应的有用靶标。此外，这些受体的遗传变异可能在患者对某些类型的呼吸道感染的不同易感性以及慢性鼻窦炎（CRS）患者的不同结果中发挥作用。 CRS 是一种慢性上呼吸道感染和炎症综合征，对患者的生活质量具有显着的不利影响。 CRS 治疗约占成人抗生素处方的 20%，因此是抗生素耐药性公共卫生危机的一个重要推动因素。味觉受体代表了一类新型治疗靶点，有可能刺激内源性免疫反应并在不使用传统抗生素的情况下治疗 CRS 患者。
Taste receptors were named for their originally-identified expression on the tongue and role in the sensation of taste (gustation). They are now known to be involved in many chemosensory processes outside the tongue. Expression of the receptors for bitter, sweet, and umami was recently identified in many organs, including the brain, airway, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive systems. We do not yet know the full roles of these receptors in all of these tissues, nor do we know all of the endogenous ligands that activate them. However, taste receptors are emerging as potentially important therapeutic targets. Moreover, they may mediate some off target effects of drugs, as many medications in common clinical use are known to be bitter. The focus of this review is on recent basic and clinical data describing the expression of bitter (T2R) and sweet (T1R) receptors in the airway and their activation by secreted bacterial compounds. These receptors play important roles in innate immune nitric oxide production and antimicrobial peptide secretion, and may be useful targets for stimulating immune responses in the upper respiratory tract via topical therapies. Moreover, genetic variation in these receptors may play a role in the differential susceptibility of patients to certain types of respiratory infections as well as to differential outcomes in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). CRS is a syndrome of chronic upper respiratory infection and inflammation and has a significant detrimental impact on patient quality of life. CRS treatment accounts for approximately 20% of adult antibiotic prescriptions and is thus a large driver of the public health crisis of antibiotic resistance. Taste receptors represent a novel class of therapeutic target to potentially stimulate endogenous immune responses and treat CRS patients without conventional antibiotics.