Functional genomics of abiotic stress tolerance in cereals
Functional genomics of abiotic stress tolerance in cereals
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DOI：
10.1093/bfgp/eli005
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发表时间：
2006-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fincher, Geoff
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Langridge, Peter;Paltridge, Nick;Fincher, Geoff
非生物胁迫，如极端温度、低水可用性、高盐和矿物质缺乏或毒性，严重降低了谷类作物的生产力。由于优质水的供应减少、土地退化和社区要求在农业中摆脱化学品干预的压力，这些压力变得越来越重要。在主要谷物中，小麦和大麦生长在最恶劣的环境中，因此产量最低。广泛的遗传研究和调查的地方品种和野生种质资源表明广泛的非生物胁迫耐受性的变化，但这一直难以利用，由于相对贫穷的背景知识，在这些物种的分子基础上的压力。相互关联的信号转导途径导致对非生物胁迫的多种反应，一直难以使用传统的方法进行研究，因为它们的复杂性和大量的基因和基因产物参与植物的各种防御和发育反应。功能基因组学是研究小麦和大麦非生物胁迫反应的重要工具，通过功能基因组学可以从基因转录、细胞蛋白质组成、胁迫组织代谢物组成等方面研究胁迫感知、信号转导和防御反应网络。
Abiotic stresses such as extreme temperatures, low water availability, high salt and mineral deficiencies or toxicities severely diminish productivity of cereal crops. These stresses are becoming increasingly important because of the declining availability of good quality water, land degradation and community pressures to move away from chemical intervention in agriculture. Of the major cereals, wheat and barley are grown in the most hostile and consequently lowest yielding environments. Extensive genetic studies and surveys of landrace and wild germplasm have indicated extensive variation for abiotic stress tolerance but this has been difficult to exploit due to the relatively poor background knowledge of the molecular basis for stress in these species. Interconnected signal transduction pathways that lead to multiple responses to abiotic stresses have been difficult to study using traditional approaches because of their complexity and the large number of genes and gene products involved in the various defensive and developmental responses of the plant. Functional genomics is now widely seen as providing tools for dissecting abiotic stress responses in wheat and barley, through which networks of stress perception, signal transduction and defensive responses can be examined from gene transcription, through protein complements of cells, to the metabolite profiles of stressed tissues.