The effect of spaceflight on mouse olfactory bulb volume, neurogenesis, and cell death indicates the protective effect of novel environment.
The effect of spaceflight on mouse olfactory bulb volume, neurogenesis, and cell death indicates the protective effect of novel environment.
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DOI：
10.1152/japplphysiol.01174.2013
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发表时间：
2014-06
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
S. Latchney;P. D. Rivera;X. Mao;V. Ferguson;T. Bateman;L. Stodieck;G. Nelson;A. Eisch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Latchney;P. D. Rivera;X. Mao;V. Ferguson;T. Bateman;L. Stodieck;G. Nelson;A. Eisch
空间任务需要对地球上不存在的环境因素进行生理和心理适应，其中一些因素对机组人员的中枢神经系统(CNS)构成重大风险。成年嗅球(OB)是中枢神经系统感兴趣的区域之一，因为OB的结构和功能对环境和经验诱导的调节很敏感。目前还不清楚太空飞行是如何改变OB的。在这项研究中，我们评估了在亚特兰蒂斯号航天飞机[太空运输系统(STS)-135]上飞行13天后不久的小鼠的OB体积和神经发生，并与地球上保持的两组对照小鼠进行了比较。在地球上被安置在模拟STS-135上条件的动物围栏模块中的小鼠(AEM-GROUND小鼠)比在地球上标准外壳中保持的小鼠(Vivarum小鼠)有更大的OB体积，特别是在颗粒(GCL)和肾小球(GL)细胞层。与隔膜小鼠相比，AEM小鼠也有更多的OB神经母细胞和更少的凋亡细胞。然而，在STS-135小鼠(AEM-Flight小鼠)中没有观察到AEM诱导的OB体积和神经发生的增加，这表明太空飞行可能已经抵消了AEM的积极作用。事实上，当考虑到AEM-Flight小鼠的OB体积时，相对于AEM-Flight小鼠，有更多的凋亡细胞密度。我们的发现表明，太空飞行中存在的因素对OB的大小和神经发生具有相反的影响，并为在未来的太空任务中保留OB结构和功能的潜在策略提供了洞察。
Space missions necessitate physiological and psychological adaptations to environmental factors not present on Earth, some of which present significant risks for the central nervous system (CNS) of crewmembers. One CNS region of interest is the adult olfactory bulb (OB), as OB structure and function are sensitive to environmental- and experience-induced regulation. It is currently unknown how the OB is altered by spaceflight. In this study, we evaluated OB volume and neurogenesis in mice shortly after a 13-day flight on Space Shuttle Atlantis [Space Transport System (STS)-135] relative to two groups of control mice maintained on Earth. Mice housed on Earth in animal enclosure modules that mimicked the conditions onboard STS-135 (AEM-Ground mice) had greater OB volume relative to mice maintained in standard housing on Earth (Vivarium mice), particularly in the granule (GCL) and glomerular (GL) cell layers. AEM-Ground mice also had more OB neuroblasts and fewer apoptotic cells relative to Vivarium mice. However, the AEM-induced increase in OB volume and neurogenesis was not seen in STS-135 mice (AEM-Flight mice), suggesting that spaceflight may have negated the positive effects of the AEM. In fact, when OB volume of AEM-Flight mice was considered, there was a greater density of apoptotic cells relative to AEM-Ground mice. Our findings suggest that factors present during spaceflight have opposing effects on OB size and neurogenesis, and provide insight into potential strategies to preserve OB structure and function during future space missions.