Secondary metabolites from nectar and pollen: a resource for ecological and evolutionary studies.
Secondary metabolites from nectar and pollen: a resource for ecological and evolutionary studies.
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DOI：
10.1002/ecy.2621
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发表时间：
2019-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
E. Palmer-Young;I. Farrell;L. S. Adler;Nelson J. Milano;P. Egan;Rebecca E. Irwin;P. Stevenson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Palmer-Young;I. Farrell;L. S. Adler;Nelson J. Milano;P. Egan;Rebecca E. Irwin;P. Stevenson
花化学介导植物与食草动物、病原体和传粉者的相互作用。花的花蜜和花粉的化学成分，传粉者的主要食物奖励，可以影响植物繁殖和传粉者的健康。虽然花蜜和花粉次生代谢产物的存在和功能意义早已知道，全面的定量表征次生化学存在的只有少数物种。此外，鲜为人知的是种内变异的花蜜和花粉的化学配置文件。由于次生化学物质的生态效应是剂量依赖性的，基因型和种群间的异质性可能会影响花部性状的进化和传粉者觅食生态。为了更好地了解花蜜和花粉次生化学的种内和种间异质性，我们对31种栽培和野生植物的花蜜和花粉甲醇提取物进行了详尽的LC-MS和LC-UV化学表征。2013年和2014年，从马萨诸塞州、佛蒙特州和加州的农场和自然区域收集花蜜和花粉。对于野生物种，我们的目标是从三个地点各收集10个样本。对于农业和园艺物种，我们的目标是从三个品种中的每一个10个样品。我们的数据集（1，535个样本，102种已识别化合物）识别并定量了甲醇提取物中记录的每种化合物，并包括描述每种化合物的分子量，保留时间和化学分类的化学元数据。包括参考文献以进行比较分析。我们发现，每个物种具有不同的化学特征，而且，在物种内，很少有化合物被发现在花蜜和花粉。最常见的次生化学类别是黄酮类化合物、萜类化合物、生物碱和胺类化合物以及绿原酸。最常见的化合物是槲皮素和山奈酚苷。花粉含有高浓度的羟基肉桂酰亚精胺共轭物，主要是三香豆酰和三阿魏酰亚精胺，发现在71%的物种。当存在时，花粉生物碱和亚精胺的中位非零浓度为23，000 μ mol/L（记录微摩尔组成的中位52%）。虽然次级化学是定性一致的每个物种和样品类型，我们发现品种和网站之间的显着的定量异质性。这些数据提供了一个标准的参考未来的生态和进化研究花蜜和花粉次生化学，包括其在传粉者的健康和植物繁殖的作用。数据是在知识共享署名许可证（CC BY 3.0 US）下发布的，如果引用得当，可以自由使用。
Floral chemistry mediates plant interactions with herbivores, pathogens, and pollinators. The chemistry of floral nectar and pollen, the primary food rewards for pollinators, can affect both plant reproduction and pollinator health. Although the existence and functional significance of nectar and pollen secondary metabolites has long been known, comprehensive quantitative characterizations of secondary chemistry exist for only a few species. Moreover, little is known about intraspecific variation in nectar and pollen chemical profiles. Because the ecological effects of secondary chemicals are dose-dependent, heterogeneity across genotypes and populations could influence floral trait evolution and pollinator foraging ecology. To better understand within- and across-species heterogeneity in nectar and pollen secondary chemistry, we undertook exhaustive LC-MS and LC-UV-based chemical characterizations of nectar and pollen methanol extracts from 31 cultivated and wild plant species. Nectar and pollen were collected from farms and natural areas in Massachusetts, Vermont, and California, USA, in 2013 and 2014. For wild species, we aimed to collect 10 samples from each of three sites. For agricultural and horticultural species, we aimed for 10 samples from each of three cultivars. Our data set (1,535 samples, 102 identified compounds) identifies and quantifies each compound recorded in methanolic extracts, and includes chemical metadata that describe the molecular mass, retention time, and chemical classification of each compound. A reference phylogeny is included for comparative analyses. We found that each species possessed a distinct chemical profile; moreover, within species, few compounds were found in both nectar and pollen. The most common secondary chemical classes were flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and amines, and chlorogenic acids. The most common compounds were quercetin and kaempferol glycosides. Pollens contained high concentrations of hydroxycinnamoyl-spermidine conjugates, mainly triscoumaroyl and trisferuloyl spermidine, found in 71% of species. When present, pollen alkaloids and spermidines had median nonzero concentrations of 23,000 μmol/L (median 52% of recorded micromolar composition). Although secondary chemistry was qualitatively consistent within each species and sample type, we found significant quantitative heterogeneity across cultivars and sites. These data provide a standard reference for future ecological and evolutionary research on nectar and pollen secondary chemistry, including its role in pollinator health and plant reproduction. Data are published under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0 US) and may be freely used if properly cited.