Creatinine versus specific gravity-adjusted urinary cadmium concentrations
Creatinine versus specific gravity-adjusted urinary cadmium concentrations
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DOI：
10.1080/13547500500159001
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发表时间：
2005-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Vahter, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Suwazono, Y;Åkesson, A;Vahter, M
其目的是评估年龄、性别、体型和肉类摄入量对尿肌酐的影响，并确定这些因素可能在多大程度上影响尿镉的肌酐调节。这项研究基于瑞典的三项研究：(1)67名年龄在20-50岁的不吸烟女性(24小时尿样)；(2)289名男性和434名女性，年龄在16-81岁(现场尿样)；(3)98名男性和105名女性，年龄在19-72岁(现场尿样)。用多元回归分析了年龄、体表面积(作为肌肉质量的指标)和肉类摄入量对尿肌酐和镉的影响。用单因素方差分析或方差分析比较经肌酐或比重调整后的尿肌酐和镉随性别和年龄的变化。在多元回归分析中，体表面积、性别、年龄和肉类摄入量是尿肌酐的主要决定因素。根据肌酐和比重进行调整的尿镉也取决于身体大小、性别和年龄。与男性或年轻人相比，女性或老年人的尿镉(经肌酐调整后)高出15%-92%。经比重调整后，女性或老年人的尿镉比男性或年轻人高-3%至79%，性别或年龄组之间的这种差异在比重调整方面不如肌酐调整明显。因此，与比重调整相比，根据肌酐调整的尿镉更受年龄、性别、体型和肉类摄入量的影响。当比较肌肉质量或肉类摄入量差异很大的个体或群体时，这种影响可能特别重要。在这样的研究中，比重调整似乎更合适。
The aim was to assess how urinary creatinine is affected by age, gender, body size and meat intake, and to determine to what extent such factors might affect the creatinine adjustment of urinary cadmium. The study was based on three Swedish studies: ( 1) 67 non-smoking women aged 20 - 50 years (24-h urine samples); ( 2) 289 men and 434 women aged 16 - 81 years ( spot urine samples); and ( 3) 98 men and 105 women aged 19 - 72 years ( spot urine samples). The effects of age, body surface area ( as an indicator of muscle mass), and meat intake on urinary creatinine and cadmium were analysed using multiple regression analyses. Gender- and age-related variations in urinary creatinine and cadmium adjusted for creatinine or specific gravity were compared by ANOVA or ANCOVA. In the multiple regression analyses, body surface area, gender, age and meat intake were the major determinants of urinary creatinine. Urinary cadmium adjusted for creatinine and specific gravity were also dependent on body size, gender and age. Urinary cadmium adjusted for creatinine was 15 - 92% higher in women or older individuals than in men or younger individuals. Women or older individuals had - 3 to 79% higher urinary cadmium adjusted for specific gravity than men or younger individuals had, and such a difference between gender or age group was less obvious in specific gravity adjustment than in creatinine adjustment. Thus, urinary cadmium adjusted for creatinine is more affected by age, gender, body size and meat intake than is specific gravity adjustment. When comparing individuals or populations with large differences in muscle mass or meat intake, such effects can be especially important. In such studies, specific gravity adjustment seems to be more appropriate.