The Slow Oscillation in Cortical and Thalamic Networks: Mechanisms and Functions.
The Slow Oscillation in Cortical and Thalamic Networks: Mechanisms and Functions.
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DOI：
10.3389/fncir.2015.00088
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Neske GT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Neske GT
即使在最安静的行为期间，皮质和丘脑也以缓慢（<1 Hz）的同步网络状态转换的形式表达丰富的自发活动。在这个所谓的缓慢振荡过程中，皮层和丘脑神经元在强烈的突触活动（向上状态）和几乎完全沉默（向下状态）之间波动。自最初描述皮层和丘脑的缓慢振荡以来的二十年里，在破译与这种普遍现象相关的细胞和网络机制方面取得了相当大的进展。然而，关于缓慢振荡，还有许多问题有待更彻底的阐明，特别是向上状态启动和终止的机制，无意识或最低意识状态中节律性活动周期的功能作用，以及向上状态和与清醒行为相关的激活状态之间的精确关系。鉴于在体内和体外制备的多神经元记录和成像方法的实质性进展，时间已经成熟，以评估我们目前对慢振荡的理解，并为其机制和功能的未来研究铺平道路。本文旨在对慢振荡的机制和功能进行全面的阐述，并提出进一步研究的方向。
During even the most quiescent behavioral periods, the cortex and thalamus express rich spontaneous activity in the form of slow (<1 Hz), synchronous network state transitions. Throughout this so-called slow oscillation, cortical and thalamic neurons fluctuate between periods of intense synaptic activity (Up states) and almost complete silence (Down states). The two decades since the original characterization of the slow oscillation in the cortex and thalamus have seen considerable advances in deciphering the cellular and network mechanisms associated with this pervasive phenomenon. There are, nevertheless, many questions regarding the slow oscillation that await more thorough illumination, particularly the mechanisms by which Up states initiate and terminate, the functional role of the rhythmic activity cycles in unconscious or minimally conscious states, and the precise relation between Up states and the activated states associated with waking behavior. Given the substantial advances in multineuronal recording and imaging methods in both in vivo and in vitro preparations, the time is ripe to take stock of our current understanding of the slow oscillation and pave the way for future investigations of its mechanisms and functions. My aim in this Review is to provide a comprehensive account of the mechanisms and functions of the slow oscillation, and to suggest avenues for further exploration.