Elaborative inferences during reading: do they occur on-line?
Elaborative inferences during reading: do they occur on-line?
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DOI：
10.1037//0278-7393.14.3.410
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发表时间：
1988-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Edward J. O'Brien;Dolores M. Shank;Jerome L. Myers;Keith Rayner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Edward J. O'Brien;Dolores M. Shank;Jerome L. Myers;Keith Rayner
进行了四个实验，以检查读者在阅读过程中在线构建精明的推论的程度。在实验1中，测量目光的持续时间，而受试者读取针对靶向前提的传真，这些前提是显式或隐式引用特定类别成员的。当上下文强烈建议某个特定类别成员时，在隐式或明确的先决条件下，放电器上的凝视持续时间相同。当上下文没有暗示任何特定类别成员时，凝视持续时间在隐式前期后会明显更长。结果证实，在充分的上下文中，读者将在线生成一个简单的详细推断。这些结果在实验2中复制了，其中材料没有强烈信号推断，但旨在鼓励受试者推断的句子被包括在内。在实验3中，不包括“需求句子”，读者似乎没有构建目标推断。实验4的结果证实，一旦产生，精心阐明的推论就会作为段落的长期记忆表示的一部分存储。
Four experiments were conducted to examine the extent to which readers construct elaborative inferences on-line during reading. In Experiment 1, gaze durations were measured while subjects read anaphors to target antecedents that referenced a particular category member either explicitly or implicitly. When the context strongly suggested a particular category member, gaze durations on an anaphor were the same following either an implicit or an explicit antecedent. When the context did not suggest any particular category member, gaze durations were significantly longer following an implicit antecedent. The results confirmed that, with sufficient context, readers will generate a simple elaborative inference on-line. These results were replicated in Experiment 2 in which the materials did not strongly signal the inference but a sentence designed to encourage subjects to infer was included. In Experiment 3, this "demand sentence" was not included, and readers did not appear to construct the targeted inference. The results of Experiment 4 confirmed that once generated, elaborative inferences are stored as part of the long-term-memory representation of a passage.