Measuring Personal Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants Using Silicone Wristbands and Hand Wipes.
Measuring Personal Exposure to Organophosphate Flame Retardants Using Silicone Wristbands and Hand Wipes.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.6b00030
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发表时间：
2016-04-19
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Stapleton HM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hammel SC;Hoffman K;Webster TF;Anderson KA;Stapleton HM
有机磷酸盐阻燃剂（PFR）被广泛用作消费品中多溴二苯醚的替代品。随着室内环境中的高检测率和越来越多的毒理学证据表明可能对健康产生不利影响，越来越需要可靠的接触指标来检查个人对全氟辛烷磺酸的接触。硅胶腕带已被用作被动空气采样器，用于量化一般人群和职业接触多环芳烃的情况。在这里，我们研究了硅胶腕带在测量暴露和内部剂量的PFR通过测量尿液代谢物浓度的效用。还将腕带与湿巾作为暴露指标进行了比较。参与者连续五天佩戴腕带，并在三个交替的日子里收集第一个早晨的尿液样本。将三天内的尿液样本合并，并分析以下PFR的代谢物：三（1，3-二氯异丙基）磷酸盐（TDCIPP）、三（1-氯-2-异丙基）磷酸盐（TCIPP）、磷酸三苯酯（TPHP）和单取代异丙基化三芳基磷酸盐（单ITP）。所有四种PFR及其尿液代谢产物均被普遍检测到。在腕带上，TDCIPP和TCIPP及其相应的尿液代谢物之间的相关性非常显著（rs = 0.5 - 0.65，p <0.001），这表明腕带可以作为累积的五天暴露的强预测因子，并且与手擦拭物相比可能是一种改进的度量。
Organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) are widely used as replacements for polybrominated diphenyl ethers in consumer products. With high detection in indoor environments and increasing toxicological evidence suggesting a potential for adverse health effects, there is a growing need for reliable exposure metrics to examine individual exposures to PFRs. Silicone wristbands have been used as passive air samplers for quantifying exposure in the general population and occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Here we investigated the utility of silicone wristbands in measuring exposure and internal dose of PFRs through measurement of urinary metabolite concentrations. Wristbands were also compared to hand wipes as metrics of exposure. Participants wore wristbands for five consecutive days and collected first morning void urine samples on three alternating days. Urine samples were pooled across the three days and analyzed for metabolites of the following PFRs: tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), tris(1-chloro-2-isopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), and mono-substituted isopropylated triaryl phosphate (mono-ITP). All four PFRs and their urinary metabolites were ubiquitously detected. Correlations between TDCIPP and TCIPP and their corresponding urinary metabolites were highly significant on the wristbands (rs= 0.5-0.65, p<0.001), which suggest that wristbands can serve as strong predictors of cumulative, five-day exposure and may be an improved metric compared to hand wipes.