The role of downhole measurements in marine geology and geophysics
The role of downhole measurements in marine geology and geophysics
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DOI：
10.1029/97rg00221
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发表时间：
1997-08
影响因子：
25.2
通讯作者：
D. Goldberg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Goldberg
在过去的25年中，井下测量越来越多地用于海洋地质学和海洋物理学的科学应用，特别是在深海钻井作业中。主要由石油工业使用，以绘制勘探和生产碳氢化合物的有希望的地层，已经开发了各种仪器，可以降低钻孔以提取有关地下地质的信息。在过去十年中，计算机、软件和数据传输的进步大大提高了这些仪器所能提供的数据的数量和质量。以高分辨率对井壁成像的相对较新的仪器可以揭示以前只能在岩心部分看到的地层和断层。井下测量在将岩心数据与区域地球物理调查联系起来以及在无法获得岩心剖面的情况下提供数据方面发挥着至关重要的作用。最近的科学应用和方法的例子，解决以前的问题，数据质量和属性随时间的变化后，钻孔。井下测量的作用讨论了两个广泛的研究领域：地壳的结构和组成，其中大部分是在洋中脊形成的，以及覆盖在地壳上的深海沉积物中记录的地球环境的过去变化。最后，新兴的技术和实验，承诺显着的优势，在海洋地质和地球物理的井下测量方法。
During the last 25 years, downhole measurements have been increasingly used for scientific applications in marine geology and geophysics, particularly in deep‐sea drilling operations. Used mostly by the oil industry to map promising formations for exploration and production of hydrocarbons, a variety of instruments have been developed that can be lowered down drill holes to extract information about the subsurface geology. In the last decade, advances in computers, software, and data transmission have greatly increased the amount and quality of data that such instruments can provide. Relatively new instruments that image the borehole wall with high resolution can reveal layers and faults that previously could be seen only in core sections. Downhole measurements play a crucial role in linking core data with regional geophysical surveys and in providing data where core sections could not be obtained. Examples of recent scientific applications and approaches are presented that address previous problems with data quality and changes in properties over time after a hole is drilled. The role of downhole measurements is discussed for two broad areas of research: the structure and composition of the Earth's crust, most of which is formed at mid‐ocean ridges, and past changes in Earth's environment recorded in the deep‐sea sediments overlying the crust. Finally, new emerging technologies and experiments that promise significant advantages over current methods for downhole measurements in marine geology and geophysics are discussed.