Gender differences in the effects from working conditions on mental health:: a 4-year follow-up
Gender differences in the effects from working conditions on mental health:: a 4-year follow-up
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DOI：
10.1007/s00420-001-0299-8
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发表时间：
2002-04-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Michélsen, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bildt, C;Michélsen, H
目的：总的目标是审查1993年的工作条件如何影响1997年一般人口中男女精神健康状况不佳的发生。此外，1997年还审查了其他生活条件对精神健康不良的相对重要性。方法：从一般瑞典人口的样本（最初于1969年进行了检查），然后在1993年和1997年唇。对这些随访的数据进行了分析，并对1993年职业和非职业条件与1997年精神健康状况不佳（定义为亚临床抑郁症、心理健康状况下降和饮酒量高）之间的关联进行了双变量和多变量分析。结果如下：确定了妇女心理健康状况不佳的若干职业风险指标，特别是亚临床抑郁症和酗酒。职业因素，如轮班工作，工作压力，没有教育的雇主的费用，低职业自豪感，低刺激的工作和社会支持差与妇女的心理健康状况差。对于男性心理健康状况不佳，主要是亚临床抑郁症，轮班工作和职业自豪感低被确定为风险指标。与妇女心理健康状况不佳有关的非职业因素是社会接触质量差、要求高的生活事件、缺乏身体活动、工作以外的身体负荷高和应对策略不足。在男性中，吸烟和应对策略不足与心理健康状况不佳有关。结论：男女在确定的职业和非职业风险指标数量上的差异，部分原因可能是男女分开的烟草市场，部分原因可能是其他原因。在我们的研究中，我们没有成功地收集到对男性心理健康很重要的职业条件的相关信息。
Objectives: The overall aim was to examine how working conditions in 1993 influenced the occurrence of poor mental health in 1997 among women and men from the general population. Also, the relative importance of other living conditions in relation to poor mental health in 1997 was examined. Methods: A sample from the general Swedish population (originally examined in 1969) was followed Lip in 1993 and 1997. Data from these follow-ups were analysed, and both bivariate and multivariate analyses of associations between occupational and non-occupational conditions in 1993 and poor mental health in 1997 - defined as sub-clinical depression, reduced psychological well-being and high alcohol consumption - were performed. Results: Several occupational risk indicators were identified for poor mental health among women, especially sub-clinical depression and high alcohol consumption. Occupational factors such as shift work, job strain, no education at the employer's expense, low occupational pride, low stimulation at work and poor social support were related to poor mental health among women. For poor mental health among men, mainly sub-clinical depression, shift work and low occupational pride were identified as risk indicators. Non-occupational factors related to poor mental health among women were poor quality of social contacts, demanding life events, physical inactivity, high perceived physical load outside work and inadequate coping strategies. Among men, smoking and inadequate coping strategies were related to poor mental health. Conclusions: The difference between women and men, regarding the numbers of identified occupational and non-occupational risk indicators, may partly be explained by the gender-segregated tabour market, and partly by other explanations. In our study, we have not succeeded in collecting the relevant information about occupational conditions that is important for men's mental health.