Improving the evidence base for international comparative research
Improving the evidence base for international comparative research
复制标题
改善国际比较研究的证据基础
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Mochmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Mochmann
今天的工业社会产生了大量的数据，这些数据来自统计系统、社会研究、市场研究和行政数据。这越来越多地通过处理来自商业交易等来源的数据来补充。然而，从国际比较的角度来看社会，我们发现地球仪上有许多不连贯的模式，甚至是白色斑点。然而，我们可以看到过去几十年来取得了令人鼓舞的进展。数据运动的先驱们致力于建立一个国际数据基础设施网络，这些基础设施被视为社会观察系统的基石。统计数据库中的空白必须通过社会研究的抽样调查来填补。这导致建立了一个社会科学数据服务网络，以保存和处理所收集的数据，使其可用于二次分析，并系统地努力不断收集设计上的比较数据，并将其作为公共产品提供给广大科学界。我们可以越来越多地观察到，自千年之交以来，社会政策与社会研究之间的关系有所改善。然而，面对全球化的挑战，我们不能忽视这样一个事实，即尽管取得了所有进展，但社会科学数据主要是从国家角度收集的，没有很好地整合，即使在技术上和法律上可以获得，也不容易在国家或时期之间进行比较。计量方法的标准化和统一以及在数据库更容易使用和相互操作方面的技术进步，很可能会使国际数据方案受益。如果就国际和跨洲合作的数据政策和供资前景达成一致的努力取得成功，这些进程将获益匪浅。
Industrial societies today produce abundant data fed by the statistical system, social research, market research and administrative data. This is increasingly complemented by processing data produced from sources like commercial transactions. Looking at societies in an international comparative perspective, however, we find many incoherent patterns or even white spots on the globe. Nevertheless, we can observe encouraging progress over past decades. The pioneers of the data movement worked towards an international network of data infrastructures that were conceived as building blocks in a system of social observation. Gaps in the statistical data base had to be filled by sample surveys from social research. This resulted in a network of social science data services to preserve and process the data collected to make them available for secondary analysis, and systematic efforts to continuously collect data comparative by design and to make them available as a public good to the scientific community at large. Increasingly we can observe a rapprochement that has been taking place between social policy and social research since the turn of the millennium. Facing the challenges of globalisation we cannot however, overlook the fact that in spite of all progress, social science data have been collected predominantly with a national perspective, are not well integrated and – even if they are technically and legally accessible – do not easily lend themselves to comparison between nations or periods of time. International data programmes may well profit from the methodological standardisation and harmonisation of measurements as well as from technical progress towards the easier access to and interoperability of data bases. These processes will profit much, if growing efforts to agree on data policies and funding perspectives for international and transcontinental cooperation succeed.