Responses of root uptake to high temperature of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in soil-less culture.
Responses of root uptake to high temperature of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in soil-less culture.
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发表时间：
2010
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通讯作者：
M. Falah;T. Wajima;D. Yasutake;Y. Sago;M. Kitano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Falah;T. Wajima;D. Yasutake;Y. Sago;M. Kitano
在植物生产过程中，高温胁迫经常引起生理紊乱和产量下降，因此了解完整根系的生理功能是必不可少的。然而，在测量植物生产系统中完整根的生理功能方面一直存在困难。分析了高温对NFT系统栽培番茄根系水分和养分吸收的影响。在NFT系统中发展了根系对水分和养分吸收的动态和同步评价。根系对水分和养分的吸收速率根据系统中水分平衡和养分平衡的时间过程分析同时进行评估，这也使根系木质部汁液中的养分浓度得以估计。根系对水分和养分的吸收速率取决于太阳辐射。高溶液温度通过降低水黏度和影响膜运输对活性水和营养物质吸收的短期影响。另一方面，长期高溶液温度的影响导致根系生长抑制和褐变，从而导致水分和养分吸收速率下降。高溶液温度的长期影响被认为与根表皮和皮质组织中酚类化合物的氧溶解度降低和酶促氧化增加有关。高溶液温度的长期作用降低了根木质部液中养分浓度，根木质部液中N、K、Ca浓度低于营养液中。这表明，长期处理使参与根系吸收这些营养物质的活性过程受到阻碍
In plant production, high temperature stress frequently causes physiological disorders and yield depression, and information about physiological functions of intact roots is essential. However, there have been difficulties in measurement of physiological functions of intact roots in the plant production systems. Effects of high solution temperature on water and nutrients uptake by roots of tomato plants cultivated in the NFT system were analyzed. Dynamic and simultaneous evaluation of water and nutrients uptake by roots was developed in the NFT system. Rates of water and nutrients uptake by roots were evaluated simultaneously on the basis of time courses analyses of water balance and nutrients balance in the systems, and these also enabled estimation of nutrients concentration in root xylem sap. Rates of water and nutrients uptake by roots varied depending on solar radiation. The short-term effect of high solution temperature activated water and nutrients uptake through decrease in water viscosity and affected membranes transport. On the other hand, the long-term effects of high solution temperature caused growth depression and browning in roots, and these resulted in depressed water and nutrients uptake rates. The long-term effects of high solution temperature were considered to relate to the reduced oxygen solubility and the increased enzymatic oxidization of phenolic compounds in root epidermal and cortex tissues. The long-term effect of high solution temperature decreased nutrients concentration in root xylem sap, and the root xylem sap concentrations of N, K and Ca became lower than those in the nutrient solution. This indicates that active processes involved in root uptake of those nutrients were retarded by the long-term treatment with