Does the Risk of Sperm Competition Help Explain Cooperation between Reproductive Competitors? A Study in the Ocellated Wrasse (Symphodus ocellatus)
Does the Risk of Sperm Competition Help Explain Cooperation between Reproductive Competitors? A Study in the Ocellated Wrasse (Symphodus ocellatus)
复制标题
精子竞争的风险有助于解释生殖竞争者之间的合作吗？
作者：
K. Stiver;S. Alonzo
虽然合作的个人可能会获得利益，但他们有被盟友欺骗的风险。因此，为了理解互利合作的持久性，重要的是要记录合作的潜在利益和欺骗的风险。我们的实验研究的证据合作的眼斑濑鱼（Symphodus ocellatus），一种鱼类的男性，行使三种生殖策略：卫星和运动鞋男性试图寄生产卵的巢男性。巢男性已被假设为容忍卫星作为一个结果，卫星援助防御运动鞋男性和帮助在追求女性。在这里，我们提供的证据表明，生殖竞争对手之间的合作可能会出现在响应来自其他男性的精子竞争。在我们实验性地移除卫星后，筑巢的雄性在他们的巢里有更多的运动鞋，并且在产卵时经历了更高的偷偷摸摸率（增加了精子竞争风险）。当我们实验性地分散筑巢的雄性的注意力以防止它们对卫星采取攻击性行动时，卫星与雌性一起产卵并吃掉巢中的蛋。我们的研究结果表明，筑巢男性和卫星获得健身的好处，减少直接生殖和精子竞争，通过合作。然而，筑巢的雄性有失去父权的风险，而卫星则会经历更多的攻击性，并且必须自己投资于攻击性（即，他们对运动鞋有攻击性）。
Although cooperating individuals may gain benefits, they risk being cheated by their allies. Therefore, to understand the persistence of cooperation by mutual benefits, it is important to document both the potential benefits of cooperation and the risks of cheating. We experimentally examined evidence of cooperation in the ocellated wrasse (Symphodus ocellatus), a fish species with males that exercise three reproductive strategies: satellite and sneaker males attempt to parasitically spawn in the nests of nesting males. Nesting males have been hypothesized to tolerate satellites as a result of satellite aid in defense against sneaker males and help in courting females. Here, we provide evidence that cooperation between reproductive competitors may arise in response to sperm competition from other males. After we experimentally removed satellites, nesting males had more sneakers at their nest and experienced a higher rate of sneaking when they spawned (increased sperm competition risk). When we experimentally distracted nesting males to prevent their acting aggressively toward satellites, satellites spawned with females and ate eggs in the nest. Our results suggest that nesting males and satellites gain fitness benefits of reduced direct reproductive and sperm competition through cooperation. However, nesting males risk losing paternity, while satellites experience increased aggression and must invest in aggression themselves (i.e., they act aggressively toward sneakers).
非洲慈鲷、Astatotilapia burtoni 的雄激素水平和雄性社会地位。
DOI：
10.1016/j.bbr.2005.07.011
发表时间：
2006
期刊：
Behavioural brain research.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Parikh,VictoriaN;Clement,TriciaS;Fernald,RussellD
通讯作者：
Fernald,RussellD
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Karen P. Maruska;B. Levavi-Sivan;J. Biran;R. Fernald
通讯作者：
Karen P. Maruska;B. Levavi-Sivan;J. Biran;R. Fernald