Pseudoincorporation Analysis of Unmarked Direct Objects in Mari
Pseudoincorporation Analysis of Unmarked Direct Objects in Mari
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Mari中无标记直接宾语的伪并入分析
DOI：
10.1163/9789004291089_010
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发表时间：
2015
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Olav Mueller-Reichau
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文献类型：
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作者：
Olav Mueller-Reichau
“合并”一词最常用于描述两个词干组合成一个或多或少具有构成意义的新词干的结构(如采摘苹果)。在最近的文献中，越来越多的例子出现了类似于合并的结构，但并不完全涉及词干复合：例如，当一个无格NP出现在动词旁边并且可能不带任何名词性屈折标记时，butmaybemodifiedbyadjectivesandnumeralsandconjoined与其他NP一起出现。这类结构被称为“句法并入”或“假并入”(参看Sadock 1986和Mithun 1984；另见Mithun 2010，其中认为合并是一个连续的整体，而不是一个明确的过程)。伪合并的定义是基于NP的句法和语义属性。例如，马萨姆(2001年，1933年)在非指称内部论元“grammaticalphenomenonwhichischaracterizedbythe的句子中定义了伪合并…的存在A NP(非DP)“在形态上没有并入动词中。戴亚尔(2011)提出的标准是：没有格标记、非专一性、与定语的数量中立、语篇不透明和直接宾语的短语结构，而不需要动词的邻接。Farkas和De Swart提到了非特定性、没有冠词、语篇不透明、数字中立和严格的动词邻接，但允许存在格标记(参见。另见(Farkas和De Swart2003，1-6)中的讨论。埃斯皮纳和麦克纳利(2011)列举了冠词的缺失、非特定性和语篇不透明；然而，对他们来说，名词性复合体中的复数标记和短语结构是可以接受的。
The term “incorporation” is most commonly used to describe constructions where two lexical stems are compounded to form a new stem with more or less compositional meaning (eg apple-picking). In recent literature, more and more examples have been presented of constructions that resemble incorporation, but do not exactly involve stem compounding: for instance, where a caseless NP occurs adjacent to the verb and may not take any nominal inflectionalmarkers, butmaybemodifiedbyadjectivesandnumeralsandconjoined withotherNPs. Suchconstructionshavebeenlabelled ‘syntacticincorporation’or ‘pseudoincorporation’(cf. Sadock 1986 and Mithun 1984; see also Mithun 2010, where it is argued that incorporation is a continuum rather than a single clear-cut process).Pseudoincorporation has been defined on the basis of both syntactic and semantic properties of NPs. For example, Massam (2001, 193) defines pseudoincorporationasa “grammaticalphenomenonwhichischaracterizedbythe existence in a sentence of a non-referential internal argument… an NP (not DP)” which is not morphologically incorporatedintothe verb. The criteria proposed by Dayal (2011) are absence of case marking, non-specificity, number neutrality with atelic predicates, discourse opacity and the phrasal structure of direct objects (DOs), while verb adjacency is not required. Farkas and de Swart mention non-specificity, absence of articles, discourse opacity, number neutrality, and strict verb adjacency, but allow the presence of case marking (cf. also the discussion in (Farkas and de Swart 2003, 1–6)). Espinal and McNally (2011) list absence of articles, non-specificity, and discourse opacity; for them, however, plural marking and phrasal structure in the nominal complex are acceptable.